1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 1. Anything that has mass and takes up space (atoms, you, rocks, plants, air)

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 2. Ability to cause change (sunlight, electricity, heat

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 3. The smallest unit of an element.

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 4. When something is made up of only one kind of atom (can’t be broken down-prime number)

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 5. Made of two or more elements (water, salt) ElementsCompounds Number of types of atom onetwo or more Exampleoxygenwater

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 6. A group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds.

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 7. A combination of substances in which individual substances retain their own property (pizza, snow globe, blood)

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 8. Organic compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen and are usually associated with living things (organisms). (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

1. matter 2. energy 3. atoms 4. elements 5. compounds 6. molecules 7. mixtures 8. organic compounds 9. inorganic compounds Define & give examples 9. Inorganic compounds are made from elements other than carbon. (water, salt)

 Why I should never pass a drinking fountain without partaking  Living things are more than 50% H 2 O  Chemical reactions in living things take place in water  Seeds and spores need water to sprout

 Most important inorganic compound for living things  B.I.- So what are you made of?  Water- living things are composed of more than 50% water and depend on water to survive.  All chemical reactions take place in water solutions.  Most organisms use water to transport materials through their bodies. (blood, plants)  Water acts as an insulator  Organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Also inorganic compounds, like water.

 Cell Membrane  Passive Transport  Diffusion  Osmosis  Active transport  B.I. -What needs to be transported through your cells’ membrane?  A permeable membrane that regulates what goes into or out of the cell.  The movement of substances through a cell membrane w/out the use of energy  Movement from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration ( equilibrium occurs)  The diffusion of water through a cell membrane  Requires energy to move substance through a cell membrane  Nutrients from food, oxygen, and water need to be transported into a cell; wastes and carbon dioxide need to be transported out of a cell.

 Digestive enzymes to break down ½ ton food per year- Metabolism  Saliva-1½ pint/day  Hydrochloric Acid- 4¼ pts/day  Bile (liver)- 1 pt/day  Pancreas-enzymes 3 pts/day Approx. 550 gallons-enough to fill a 7 man Jacuzzi  The total of all chemical reactions in an organism

 Process that plants use to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy or sugars to be used as food.  Producers-organisms that make their own food  Consumers-organisms that can’t make their own food.

 The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy.  Respiration moves into the mitochondria using oxygen an producing CO 2 and water

 Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the stored energy in glucose molecules. (process occurs in the cytoplasm)

 Fermentation and running In our bodies certain muscle cells, called fast twitch muscles, have less capability for storing and using oxygen than other muscles. When you run and these muscles run short of oxygen, the fast twitch muscles begin using lactic acid fermentation. This allows the muscle to continue to function by producing ATP by glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate (C 3 H 4 O 3 ), with the release of usable energy).  Athletes The muscles get enough ATP for quick spurts or shall we say sprints, but quickly become fatigued as their stores of glycogen are used up. Eventually you cramp. This is in part because the muscles lack sufficient ATP to continue contracting. Also, lactic acid builds up and must be metabolized by the liver. Runners who sprint actually have more muscle cells specialized for lactic acid fermentation than do long distance runners.  White meat and dark meat If you want to see what these muscles are like, when you eat chicken or turkey the white meat is fast twitch muscle. The dark meat is what is called slow twitch muscle. This meat is dark because it contains an oxygen holding protein called myoglobin. Note that the slow twitch muscles tend to be wing and leg muscles where long term endurance is required. The fast twitch muscles tend to be more common in the breast where quick response but not necessarily endurance is needed. Also, wild animals tend to have more slow twitch muscle than their domestic counterparts.

 Water to transport nutrients to cells, carbohydrates or lipids as a source of chemical energy, enzymes to assist the chemical reactions, and oxygen to fuel respiration.