Physical property of a substance is a trait of the substance that can be observed OR can be measured by tools without changing the identity Physical Change is a change in matter from one form to another but does not change identity 2 Physical Properties vs Physical Changes

Chemical property is a description of the ability of a substance to undergo, or not undergo, a change that will alter the composition of the original substance Chemical change- occurs when there is a change in the arrangement of the atoms involved so a different substance with different properties is produced 3 Chemical Properties vs Chemical Changes

The Phases of Matter

As a review Matter is anything that has mass and volume. ▫How do we measure them? ▫Tools? ▫Units? The 2 types of matter that we have already talked about are: ▫Pure substances ▫Mixtures

Phases of Matter There are four different states or phases of matter that we as humans associate with. ▫Solid ▫Liquid ▫Gas ▫Plasma Each of the states have characteristics that define them as that particular state.

Characteristics of Solids The particles are constantly vibrating, but they do not slip past one another Because the particles do not slip past one another, a solid has a DEFINITE volume and shape. Particles are closely packed together because there is an attractive force holding them together.

Solid Particle Diagram

Characteristics of Liquids The particles can slip and slide past one another. Because the particles can slip past one another, liquids DO NOT have a definite shape by themselves, but they do take the shape and volume of their container. The particles are touching one another due to an attractive force holding them together. The slipping allows the liquids to be poured.

Liquid Particle Diagram

Characteristics of Gases The particles are moving in random directions. When particles collide, they bounce off one another and continue moving. Gases do not have a definite shape or volume and fill the entire area of the container The particles of gasses are not in contact with one another, because they can overcome the attractive forces.

Gas Particle Diagram

Characteristics of Plasma High temperatures mean that the particles are moving at high speeds consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. A substance is converted to the plasma phase at a very high temperature. Plasma does not have a definite shape or volume and fill the entire area of the container The particles of plasmas are not in contact with one another, because they can overcome the attractive forces. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. ▫Found in stars, lightning, bolts, neon, auroras and fluorescent light bulbs.

PlasmaPlasma Particle Diagram

Demos

“Molecules on the move” activity Partner up! 1. What Phase is the matter starting with and ending with. ▫Ex : Solid to liquid, Gas to Liquid 2. Is heat being added or removed 3. Tell me are the Molecules…. ▫Speeding up (increasing energy) ▫Slowing down (decreasing energy)