Alternatives to HFCs for refrigeration and air conditioning including in high ambient temperatures UNEP Workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Management 11 th – 12 th July 2014 Dr Daniel Colbourne

Introduction Maximum average GWP < ~200 ~70% of refrigerant consumption for service market Average GWP ~ ’s of alternative refrigerants; necessary to establish a GWP criterion High future growth (A5Cs)

Suitability framework fnfn system and application characteristics Time and development Can determine the suitability of each alternative… Sometimes, just too costly, high risk, inefficient

Applicability with GWP <200 HCR744R717 non-flam FC flam FC AC (central)NSomeNN AC (integral)YSomeNYY AC (large split)SomeNN some AC (small split)YNNSomeY ChillersYSomeYYY Comm ref (central)YYYYSome Comm ref (plug-in)YYNYY Comm ref (remote)Some Nsome Domestic refYNNYN Heat pump (only)YSomeNYY Ind refrigSome Y Transport ACYYNYN Transport refYSomeNYY e.g., R1233zd, R444A e.g., R1234yf, R445A, LGA8, ARM42a, ARM30a, LTR6a e.g., R290, R1270, R600a Simplified overview Sectors without 100% potential

Refrigerant-using sectors Requires development, new alternatives Needs improved safety concepts Can tolerate GWP>200 if others are <<200 Current consumption can be almost entirely eliminated e.g., DR7, DR4, L40, L20, LGA29, LGA40, etc

Barriers “Marketed mind-sets” vs. actual technical hurdles Cost difference for R744 supermarkets, plug-ins, HC splits Alternatives that can match R22 at high ambients Better standards without refrigerant arbitrary limits to hinder application Business is to sell cold, not to faff-around with refrigerants Disparate national regulations and codes ?

Consequences Avoiding procrastination to minimise overall cost Selection, design and installation can be more complicated More, thorough training for technicians, formalisation of service sectors Further deviation from ‘one size fits all’ mind-set What will (or won’t) linger? We won’t lose the sensation of cool!