World Leaders of the 1930s 7 th Grade Social Studies – Harold E. Winkler Middle School

Brain Pop: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt – President of The United States of America 1932 – 1945 FDR was elected President of the United States in 1932 during the Great Depression. President Roosevelt had developed polio at the age of 39. A life threatening disease of the nervous system. Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression was called the New Deal (Relief, Recovery, Reform)

Franklin D. Roosevelt – The United States Roosevelt’s New Deal helped the U.S. economy in the 1930’s. World War II will finally bring the U.S. out of the Great Depression. As dictators rose to power in the 1930’s, FDR took steps to aid the Allied Powers (discussed next week). Roosevelt will be the only U.S. President to serve more than two terms. December 29, 1940: “The United States must be the great arsenal of democracy”

Joseph Stalin – The Soviet Union Grew up a poor, only child and read and was influenced by Karl Marx’s “Communist Manifesto”. Was inspired by the Russian revolution led by Vladimir Lenin. Last name means: Man of Steel.

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Became leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin in Became leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin in Became a totalitarian dictator – complete control of society by using fear, violence, censorship, and religious persecution. Used to sway beliefs and censorship to control the media. Used propaganda to sway beliefs and censorship to control the media. Persecuted people based on religious beliefs and/or ethnicity. Persecuted people based on religious beliefs and/or ethnicity.

Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union Implemented a command economy – government controls all economic decisions – signed a non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler but sided with the Allies during WWII  Hitler invaded Soviet Union

Brain Pop: Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler – Germany Rebellious young life after the death of his father. 1907: Wanted to be an artist and moved to Vienna, Italy… failed to get into the Academy of Fine Arts. Abandoned his friends and went into a deep depression.

Adolf Hitler – Germany Fought in WWI for the German army as a Corporal (low ranking). After WWI, Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party (Socialist & Anti-Jewish Associations). Within months, Hitler was named Fuhrer (Leader) in the renamed Nazi Party.

Adolf Hitler – Germany As a result of taking the blame for WWI, the German economy was in depression. Many people became attracted to Hitler’s Nazi Party. In 1923, Hitler attempted to overthrow Germany’s existing government. The attempt failed, and he spent 1 year in prison for treason. Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

Hitler’s Stab-in-the-Back Theory

Adolf Hitler – Germany During his brief prison stay, Hitler outlined his plans on taking over Germany in his book, Mein Kampf. As worldwide depression hit in the 1930s, Hitler saw an opportunity to take control and by 1933, he was named Chancellor of Germany. Within a year, he took over as Der Fuhrer (The Leader).

Benito Mussolini – Italy

Fought for Italy in World War I. British and French promised Italy land, so they switch sides! After the war, the Treaty of Versailles was not kind to Italy… promises were broken! Mussolini became bitter and criticized the Italian government much like Adolf Hitler did the Weimar Republic.

Benito Mussolini – Italy In 1919, Mussolini formed the Fascist Party to oppose social class discrimination. He organized armed gangs called “Black Shirts”. They terrorized political opponents and spread Fascism.

What is Fascism? A political movement that is an extreme form of nationalism and dictatorship. No individual rights and focuses on the needs of the country only.

October 1922, Mussolini seized power through the “March on Rome”. He became known as Il Duce (The Leader). Controlled the media and used propaganda to gain support of the people. The March on Rome Mussolini’s Slogan: “Believe, Obey, Fight”

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? Based on the theory by Karl Marx. A “classless society” where all participants are equal. State ownership and control of the means of production (command economy).

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to What is Nazism? Extreme nationalism. Military Dictator Belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan or “Master Race”. Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them.

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to What is Fascism? Extreme nationalism. Totalitarian control. Interests of the state more important than individual rights. Maintain class system and private ownership of businesses.

Rise of Dictators - Flocabulary