Climate Resilient Transportation Infrastructure Standards Workshop Madrid, 18 January 2016 Zoltan Patkai Independent Consultant

Adaptation ǂ Resilience Resilience is about the ability to self-organise. You could adapt to a new circumstance once, but not be prepared to minimize future risk. Adaptive Capacity + Processes + Communication

Resilience for Transport Infrastructure Increasing the adaptive capacity, the physical resilience of transport systems to extreme weather, so when extreme weather is experienced, people and goods can continue to move. Ensuring processes and procedures to restore services and routes to normal ASAP after extreme weather events have abated. Ensure clear and effective communications to passengers and transport users so that the impact of disruption on people and businesses is minimised.

Climate Resilient Infrastructure New Climate Resilient Infrastructure – by ensuring an asset is located,designed, built and operated with the current and future climate in mind Existing Climate Resilient Infrastructure – by ensuring maintenance regimes incorporate resilience to the impacts of climate change over an asset‘s lifetime

When to take adaptation measures? (Source: EU, 2013, modified from Willows & Connell (2003)).

Most vulnerable components Bridges and culverts (increased mean annual rainfall, increased intensity of rainfall events, sea level rise) Causeways and coastal roads (sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of storm surges) Pavement surfaces (increased mean annual temperature) Surface drainage (increased intensity of rainfall events) Hillside slope stability (increased mean annual rainfall)

Implications for Infrastructure (if no adaptation measure taken) Climate Impact Implications ROAD More intense precipitation Wetter winters, drier summers Higher / lower temperatures + flood risk to roads + scour of bridges + instability of embankments + damage to road surface RAIL Higher / lower temperatures + flood risk to rail lines + more rail buckling + passenger discomfort PORTS Sea level rise Higher winds, storms +flood risk to ports +disruptions to operations AIRPORTS Higher temperatures Lower temperatures +flood risk to airports Lift of aircraft reduced Defrosting

Adaptation Alternatives Avoidance (Rerouting existing facilities outside of hazard areas e.g. A bypass around a landslide-prone area) Protection (Flexibility improvements to existing facilities) e.g. increased height of sea walls, landslide fencing and monitoring, or bridge designs Abandonment (closure of a facility) Operational response (ongoing maintenance) Non-design Land use guidelines in areas with high vulnerabilities to climate change Retrofit existing structures to give them higher adaptive capacity More redundancy into the transportation system Right skills and capacity to implement adaptation measures Investment decisions take account changing patterns of demand

Responding to Climate Risks Carbon Mitigation to reduce the impact on natural systems… Mitigation is… partnering with a utility to add renewable Adaptation is… needing to protect a coastline that might otherwise retreat Some adaptations can also mitigate (green roof example); we always seek such opportunities. lobal vs. local Abstract problem makes it hard to organize people around. In the transport sector, GHG emissions can be reduced by employing alternative fuels, using efficient engines, improve mobility, connect modes of transport

Carbon Mitigation and Adaptation synergies

Carbon Mitigation Adaptation http://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/archaeology/research/projects/climatearchaeology/

Transport Infrastructure Elements 1.1 Subsurface & Foundations 1.2 Materials Specs. 1.3 Cross Sections & standard dimensions 1.4 Drainage & hydraulics 1.6 Location Engineering 1.5 Structures 2. Energy consumed by transport 3. Equipment enable transport 4. ICT Applications Systems & Processes

Engaging stakeholders in the process Stakeholder survey (Spring 2015) Research & Interviews (Summer & Automn 2015) Workshop (Now) Priotitization (Early 2016)

Zoltan Patkai 2015-06-02

Workshop today – two parts 1. Your feedback on identified standards – 30 min Please do individually, rate each listed standard from 1 (lowest priority) to 5 (highest priority). If you’re unsure, mark ”Don’t know” 2. Teamwork: resilience with standards – 1 h In teams, identify opportunities to improve climate change resilience of transportation by adaptation / carbon mitigation measures with standards. Please synthetize the ideas in visible handwriting on a normal paper: Adaptation Measures Carbon Mitigation Mesaures 3. How standards could support both adaptation and carbon mitigation measures

ZOLTAN PATKAI zpatkai@zolpa.eu +32.496.511.108

Lifetime of infrastructure with illustrative climate change timescales