Protist Kingdom

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson2 Protists  most diverse kingdom  all eukaryotic  mostly unicellular aquatic organisms  asexual reproduction generally by binary fission  3 different groups 1. plant-like 2. animal-like 3. fungi-like

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson3 1. Plant-like Protists: Algae  autotrophs  contain chlorophyll  have cell walls  2 major groups a) unicellular algae b) multicellular algae ▪phytoplankton ▪ seaweed diatoms brown algae

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson4 Plant-like Protists: Algae a) unicellular algae  very important because: 1. begin every aquatic food chain 2. produce > 67% of atmospheric O 2 3. overpopulation causes algal blooms which can cause: i) dead algae decomposed by saprophytes  consume large amounts of O 2  fish die (lack of O 2 )  swamp results ii) produce toxins which kill fish  ex. red tide

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson5 Plant-like Protists:Seaweed b) multicellular algae  no real tissues i.e. really just a colony  food source for fish and humans  cell walls of red algae used to make: i. agar ii. gel caps iii. cosmetics Volvox

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson6 2. Animal-like Protists  heterotrophs (exception: Euglena)  classified by how they move a) pseudopods:  move with cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods (false feet) ex. amoeba some pathogenic i.e. amoebic dysentery

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson7 Animal-like Protists b) flagellates  move with long whip-like flagellum  one or more flagella  some parasitic pathogens ex. African sleeping sickness ex. Euglena chloroplasts photosynthesis eyespot- attracted to light trypanosome tsetse fly Giardia lamblia (beaver fever)

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson8 Animal-like Protists c) ciliates  move with cilia (short hair-like projections) that can cover cell ex. paramecium

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson9 Animal-like Protists d) sporozoa  reproduce by asexually by spores  have no means of locomotion  many parasites, which depend on host body fluids to move ex. Malaria anopheles mosquito RBC

6/27/2016 SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson 10 3.Fungus-like Protists (Slime Moulds)  multicellular body (like giant amoeba) called a plasmodium  roll over forest floor feeding on dead organic matter  move very slowly (few mm/day)  reproduce asexually with spores (like fungi) in fruiting bodies

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson11 Paramecium Structure cilia contractile vacuole cytoplasm micronucleus macronucleus oral groove gullet food vacuole forming anal pore food vacuole

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson12 Paramecium spiral movement

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson13 Paramecium Reproduction Binary fission (asexual reproduction) Conjugation (sexual reproduction) have two nuclei exchange micronucleus with another paramecium 2 new organisms (genetically identically ) same 2 organisms (genetically different )

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson14 Amoeba Structure nucleus ectoplasm endoplasm contractile vacuole food vacuole pseudopod cytoplasm Note: contractile vacuole collects all the H 2 O that diffuses in by osmosis contracts & pumps it out to stop amoeba from bursting

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson15 Amoeba Feeding phagocytosis food pseudopod pseudopod surrounds food food enters a food vacuole enzymes break down food in vacuole

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson16 Amoeba Reproduction Binary Fission (asexual) one amoeba divides into 2 identical amoebas

6/27/2016SBI3U - A.Y. Jackson17 Homework  Read pages  Questions # 1 – 10, 12 a & c (eutrophication)