Prokaryotic Cells

Kingdom Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista Monera prokaryotic eukaryotic

Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms 11 phyla Lots of disagreements Whittaker = “leftovers”

binary fission splits into two asexually multiple fission producing more than two individuals sexually by conjugation (opposite mating strains join & exchange genetic material) Reproduction:

3 informal groups Animal-like protists Fungus-like protists Plant-like (algal) protists Misleading: some change Kingdom Protista ~ 45,000 species

Amoeba Cilliates Flagellates Animal-like Protists 13,000 species

Classified by the way they move Animal-like Protists cilia flagella pseudopodia

Heterotrophs ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes

Animal-like protists Sarcomastigophora (amoebas, forams, radiolarian) Ciliophora (paramecium) Zoomastigophora (trypansoma) Apicocomplexa (Sporozoa)

Note: glass projections

Paramecium

Phylum Zoomastigophora (“zooflagellates”) Move using flagella Move using flagella:1 to thousands of flagella Some parasites African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse flyAfrican trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse fly Chagas Disease – kissing bugChagas Disease – kissing bug Leishmaniasis – sand flyLeishmaniasis – sand fly giardiasisgiardiasis Vaccines? change protein coat! Gave rise to animals? Animal-like Protists 1,500 species

African sleeping sickness Tsetse fly Trypansoma

The Kissing Bug Chagas disease

Leishmaniasis Sand fly Leishmania

Malaria Mosquito & “victim” Africa = kills 1 million children per year Thousands of sporozoites injected Vaccine? (US support?) Anopheles Mosquito Plasmodium sporozoite gameteocyte