KINGDOM PROTISTA The Protists!

General Characteristics Usually uni-cellular –Generally live as individuals, some form colonies Eukaryotes (contain a nucleus) Most live in watery environments Some autotrophs (plant-like), some heterotrophs (animal/fungus-like) Most likely evolved after bacteria

Animal-like Protists PROTOZOANS Lack a cell wall Heterotrophs Mobile

Protozoan Groups 1) Sarcodines: -use “pseudopod” for movement and food gathering *pseudopod- “false foot”- extension of cytoplasm and cell membrane -some have protective “shells” Ex. Amoeba

Protozoan Groups 2) Ciliates: –Use “cilia” for movement and food gathering Cilia- hairlike projections –Two kinds of nuclei: Large- life functions Small- conjugation (reproduction) –Ex. Paramecium

Protozoan Groups 3) Zooflagellates: –Use “flagella” (1-8) for movement –Responsible for some diseases and digestion of some materials –Ex. Trichonympha

Protozoan Groups 4) Sporozoans: –Can’t move on own, form “spores” to move from host to host –Parasitic (feeds on cells and fluids of host) –Ex. Plasmodium (causes malaria)

Plant-like Protists aka ALGAE Autotrophs (photosynthetic)- contain chloroplasts Produce Oxygen Some have flagella

Uni-cellular Algae 1) Euglenophytes –Pouch with two flagella –No cell wall (pellicle- tough, flexible membrane) –Reproduce asexually –Reddish eyespot –Ex. Euglena

Uni-cellular Algae 2) Dinoflagellates –Some heterotrophs –Usually two flagella –Covered in cellulose plates –Many luminescent

Uni-cellular Algae Chrysophytes –Gold-colored chloroplasts –Not all cell walls contain cellulose –Store food as oil –Reproduce sexually and asexually

Uni-cellular Algae Diatoms –Many shapes due to silica in cell walls –Used in car polish and toothpaste

Multi-cellular Algae Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae) –Can live at great depths due to special pigments –Lack flagella –Ex. Irish Moss (algae)

Multi-cellular Algae Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) –Contains special brown pigment (dark yellow to brown in color) –Some have “bladders” for floating –Ex. Giant Kelp

Multi-cellular Algae Phylum Chlorophyta (Green Algae) –Cellulose in cell walls –Chlorophyll is main pigment –Usually live as single cells, can form colonies

Fungus-like Protists Characteristics –Heterotrophs –Most have cell walls –Complex life cycle Some amoeba-like Some use flagella Some produce spores

Fungus-like Protist Groups Slime Molds: –Moist, flat blobs –Reproduce by producing a fruiting body with spores Each spore can develop into a new organism

Life Cycle of Slime Molds Spore  Sm. Ameba-like cell  Lg. cell w/ many nuclei  Spores produced OR Spore  Sm. Ameba-like cell  Mass of cells  Spores produced

Fungus-like Protist Groups Water Molds –White, fuzzy (grows on dead fish, etc.) –Sexual and asexual phases of life cycle