WAR ON THE PLAINS Peace attempts = failure U.S. wanted to remove all Native Americans ○ Force into reservations ○ Aggressive military policy

 General William Tecumseh Sherman – commander of the U.S. Army  Kiowa Chief – Satanta raided wagon train  Killing 7 on Salt Creek prairie Sherman – just missed raid; wanted the Native Americans punished  Sherman arrested Satanta – brought him back to Texas

 He was convicted of murder & sentenced to be hanged  Could be more trouble - Governor Edmund Davis changed sentence to life in prison Released on parole Accused of more raids – arrested Satanta took his own life rather than spend it in prison

 Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie Fought against and pushed Native’s towards reservations This reduced the raids on the Texas High Plains  They were disbanded after the Civil War Governor Richard Coke reestablished them in 1874 to help defend frontier Frontier Battalion – west Texas; fought Natives

 Buffalo hunters – hides could be made into leather Used rifles – killing hundreds; removed hides  Some government leaders wanted this – force Natives to reservations; primary source of food gone  Went from millions to almost extinct

 June 27, 1874 – Quanah Parker led 700 Comanche and Kiowa Natives Attacked camp of buffalo hunters at old Adobe Walls 70 Natives killed Became known as Second Battle of Adobe Walls Raids increased

 Palo Duro Canyon – Native winter home  Soldiers raided these homes – burned villages, destroyed food supply, captured 1,400 horses Killed more than 1,000  Native’s forced to move to reservations  Palo Duro Canyon battle and Second Battle of Adobe Walls = Red River War

Summary Questions 1. Who was the Kiowa Chief that raided a wagon train at Salt Creek? 2. What was the policy that the army had and worked towards in regards to the Native Americans? 3. What did government officials promote the killing of in order to push N. Americans into reservations? 4. What happened at Palo Duro Canyon?