Sprouts Project MSTL Workshop Summer 2009

Seeds The seed absorbs water, and swells.

Monocot Seed.

Monocotyledon Seeds Embryo with single cotyledon Pollen with single furrow or pore Flower parts in multiples of three Major leaf veins parallel Stem vascular bundles scattered Roots are adventitious Secondary growth absent

Dicotyledon Seed

Dicot Embryo with two cotyledons Pollen with three furrows or pores Flower parts in multiples of four or five Major leaf veins reticulated Stem vascular bundles in a ring Roots develop from radicle Secondary growth often present

Growth of a Bean Plant

Seed Germinates Radicle is the embryonic root. It is the first structure to emerge from the seed After about three days, depending on the temperature, the radical grows and bursts through the seed coat.

Root First to Emerge The radicle grows down between the soil particles, its tip protected by cells that make up the root cap. The radicle becomes the hypocotyl. The hypocotyl becomes primary root.

Cotyledons Once the radical is firmly anchored in the soil, the hypocotyl starts to grow. The rapid growth of the hypocotyl pulls the cotyledons out of the testa (seed coat) and through the soil.

Root Hairs Root hairs appear in the region where elongation has ceased. Water and salts from the soil are absorbed by the root hairs on the radical and pass to the rest of the seedling.

Later, lateral roots develop from the radical. Hypocotyl is the stem-like portion of the embryo below the point of attachment but above the embryonic root. Lateral Roots

Cycle of Bean Plant Some plants do not have fruit that the seed grows in, but have a pod called a bean.pod A bean is the part of the plant that holds the seeds. There are many different kinds of bean plants but they all grow in a similar way.

Step One The bean seed is covered in a hard outer shell. (testa)bean seed When water is added to the seed, it swells and the seed bursts open.

Step Two As the roots grow, a stem will also appear. The bean uses the food in the seed to grow.food

Step Three Leaves will grow on the stem and stretch towards the light. Roots will grow down to the soil.

Step Four The bean seed is the part of the plant that is eaten. Peas and lima beans are bean seeds.

Monocots Monocots include all grasses and glasslike plants, plus lilies, irises, amaryllises,

Monocot Leaves Usually, but not always, monocots possess parallel- veined leaves, simple blade. One example of a monocot which does not have parallel-veined leaves is the Trillium.

Dicot Leaves Dicots include nearly all our trees, bushes, vegetable- garden plants (not corn), and most of our wildflowers. Dicot leaves are usually net- veined, as in the close-up of the veins in a wild grape leaf at the right.