التكنولوجيا المساعدة التكنولوجيا المساعدة من أكثر الموضوعات إثارة للتحدث عنها، لما لها من أثر ايجابي على حياة الاطفال من ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، وهي أداة.

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Presentation transcript:

التكنولوجيا المساعدة التكنولوجيا المساعدة من أكثر الموضوعات إثارة للتحدث عنها، لما لها من أثر ايجابي على حياة الاطفال من ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، وهي أداة تجعل من لديهم احتياجات خاصة يشعرون بأنهم أناس كاملون، ومعها يمكن التفاعل مع الحياة بشكل مستقل وناجح

تعريف التكنولوجيا المساعدة حاول المشرعون الفيدراليون ان لا يحصروا تعريف التكنولوجيا المساعدة بجهاز كمبيوتر عالي المواصفات وكرسي متحرك يعمل على الطاقة. وعرفوها بأنها اي جهاز سواء تم شراؤه من الاسواق أو تمت صناعته في المنزل يساعد ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في المحافظة أو زيادة قدراتهم الوظيفية. حاول المشرعون الفيدراليون ان لا يحصروا تعريف التكنولوجيا المساعدة بجهاز كمبيوتر عالي المواصفات وكرسي متحرك يعمل على الطاقة. وعرفوها بأنها اي جهاز سواء تم شراؤه من الاسواق أو تمت صناعته في المنزل يساعد ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في المحافظة أو زيادة قدراتهم الوظيفية.

أشهر أنواع الأجهزة الخاصة بالتكنولوجيا المساعدة تقسم التكنولوجيا المساعدة إلى أربعة أجهزة على نطاق واسع، لكن عملها يتداخل مع بعضها البعض، فكل جهاز في هذه المجموعة يقوم بعمل مختلف لكل طفل يحتاج الى تلك الوظيفة ليحسن أداءه.

اولا: الاجهزة المعرفية وتشمل أجهزة كمبيوتر وألعابا تعليمية خاصة. وهو جزء من خدمات تعليم من يعاني من صعوبات في التعلم وهو مجال يزدهر ويتطور باستمرار. وتمنح هذه الاجهزة الطلبة من الاعاقات المختلفة فرصة القيام بوظائفهم المدرسية باستقلالية ونجاح. وتتدرج هذه الاجهزة في مستواها لتلاءم كافة الاعمار وتهيئ هؤلاء الاطفال لدخول مجتمعهم بكفاءة عالية.

ثانيا: أجهزة الاتصال المعززة وتتنوع هذه الاجهزة بين لوحات الاتصال البسيطة وأجهزة الكمبيوتر المخصصة، وتساعد الاطفال الذين لا يجيدون النطق أو لديهم اعاقات في النطق أن يجدوا سبيلهم في الاتصال والتواصل مع مجتمعهم. ومن الطرق التي تستخدمها مثل هذه الاجهزة ان تظهر للطفل عدة خيارات لرسومات وأفعال يود ان يخبرها لوالدته مثلا، فيقوم الجهاز بعرض هذه الخيارات ليختار الطفل منها ما يريد. وهنالك اجهزة تتحدث نيابة عن الاطفال. كما توجد اجهزة تعلم الاطفال وتقدم لهم معرفة أكاديمية وتجعلهم يتصلون مع مجتمعهم في آن واحد.

ثالثا: الاجهزة الحركية تساعد ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة على الحركة في محيطهم سواء من خلال سيارة معدة خصيصا لهم أو من خلال الكرسي المتحرك على اختلاف تطوره التكنولوجي، إضافة إلى المشايات والاطراف الصناعية.

رابعا: الاجهزة الخاصة في التحكم بالبيئة المحيطة لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة ويندرج تحتها العديد من الاجهزة التي تعين ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة على القيام بوظائف لم يخطر على بالهم القيام بها مثل اشعال الضوء أو اجهزة التلفزيون أو الرد على الهاتف أو الاستحمام أو حتى تناول الطعام.

مستقبل التقنيات المساعدة عندما يتمكن الطفل من انجاز مهمة ما على جهاز الكمبيوتر بالكامل وحده أو يقوم باتخاذ قرار وحده من دون مساعدة أحد أو عندما ينطق بكلمة ويجدها مطبوعة امامه على الشاشة، وعندما ينهي واجبا مدرسيا لأول مرة أسرع من زملاء صفه وعندما يكتب من دون اخطاء املائية، تظهر على عينيه علامات النصر، وهذا ما يجعل الخبراء يرغبون في المزيد من التطور. لكن الطريق ليس سهلا ومحفوفا بالتحديات، فالجميع يجب أن يوفروا تلك التقنيات لمساعدة أطفالهم وهم يحتاجون الى التدريب على الاجهزة لتعليمها لهم، كما أن على الاطفال التذكر أن هذه التكنولوجيات أداة وليست علاجا

Assistive technology can support access to the curriculum in many ways. Early childhood issues (such as play, early literacy) Positioning Physical access for learning tools/computers Motor Aspect of Writing Composing Written Material Learning/Studying Organization Reading Math Communication Specific needs of students with sensory deficits such as hearing or vision Needs of Daily Living

Assistive Technology for Early Childhood

Early Positioning

Making Play Accessible

Early Literacy

Assistive Technology for Positioning Beyond Early Childhood

Supportive Positioning

Assistive Technology for Physical Access

Switches for Accessing Learning Tools

Physical Access to Computers When assessing a student’s need for computer access: Observe the student using standard equipment before making any adaptations Make adjustments in small increments thus maintaining the focus on “least restrictive” When an adaptation is made, a trial period of at least six weeks to assess usefulness is recommended

Windows’ Accessibility Features Mouse: pointers, speed and trails Mouse: pointers, speed and trails Display: resolution settings, high contrast etc., Magnifier (XP) Display: resolution settings, high contrast etc., Magnifier (XP) Cursor: repeat rate or delay and blink rate Cursor: repeat rate or delay and blink rate Keyboard options: sticky keys, filter keys and toggle keys, onscreen keyboard (XP). Keyboard options: sticky keys, filter keys and toggle keys, onscreen keyboard (XP). SoundSentry: screen sounds for VI SoundSentry: screen sounds for VI Narrator-Screen Reader (XP) Narrator-Screen Reader (XP) Accessibility Wizard Windows ME and above: for setting features in control panel based on user need Accessibility Wizard Windows ME and above: for setting features in control panel based on user need

Cursor Control

Switch Interfaces for Computers Access

Utility Scanners

Alternate Cursor Control

Accessing the Keyboard

Specialty keyboards

Onscreen Keyboards

Accessing the Keyboard Through Voice

Assistive Technology for Accessing the General Curriculum

Switch Based Adaptations for Classroom Participation

Pouring Cup from Ablenet

Adaptations for Classroom Participation

Low Tech Academic Support

Portable Learning Tools

Portable Word Processors

Software for Academic Support

Assistive Technology for the Needs of Daily Living

Low Tech Daily Living Devices

Talking Measuring Jug

High Tech Daily Living Devices

Assistive Technology for Students with Visual Impairments

Access to Print Material Large print books Audio Books Desk top magnifiers

Access to Writing for Students with Visual Impairments

Computer Access for Students with Visual Impairments Lower screen resolution High contrast settings Screen magnification software Screen reader software Scan and read software Refreshable Braille output

Assistive Technology for Students with Hearing Impairments

Accessing Communication through Augmentative and Alternative Communication “Any device, system or method that improves the ability of a child with a communication impairment to communicate effectively” YAACK

Light-Tech AAC Options

Mid-Tech AAC Devices

Mid-Tech AAC Tools

High-Tech Dedicated AAC Tools

High-Tech Non-Dedicated AAC Tools

Communication Software

How can I learn more about Assistive Technology?

Resources Local Regional National State MATR MACUL TAM/CEC AT Contact CTG ATA CSUN WATI RESNA UCP AER ASHA AOTA

References/Resources MATR (Michigan’s Assistive Technology Resource) TAM/CEC (Technology & Media Division of the Council for Exceptional Children) MACUL (Michigan Association for Computer Users in Learning) Closing The Gap ATA (Alliance for Technology Access) CSUN (California State University Northridge) RESNA (Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology Society of North America) WATI (Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative) ASHA (American Speech Language Hearing Association) AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association) UCP (United Cerebral Palsy Association) AER (Association for Education and Rehabilitation for Blind and Visually Impaired) Joy Zabala, Assistive Technology Consultant –