16 February 2016 James Madison University Charles Hendricks, AIA, CSI, CDT, CGP, CAPS, LEED AP The Gaines Group, PLC Dark Sky vs Architectural Design

Common sense sustainable architectural solutions 30 years of service in the Central Virginia Region with offices in Charlottesville and Harrisonburg 2008 “Best Green Designers” in Virginia by VSBN 2014 “best small architectural firm” in worldwide vote by USGBC members

Do we have an environmental problem? If everyone in the world lived the way people do in the U.S., it would take five Earths to provide enough resources for everyone.

How can we conserve energy? Replacing existing lights with high performance exterior lighting technology can save a municipality as much as 50% of their lighting energy costs according to a 2014 DOE study.

Are lights making us sick? Disruption of circadian rhythms Suppression of Melatonin Hormones Blue Wavelength lighting impacts Increased growth of cancer cells due to constant light exposure

–“Development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” (source: United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development) Define Sustainability

Lighting technology advancement CFL vs LED Photo from

Cool Roof Glare from lower roof

How we use Site Lighting Enhancing Site Features

How we use Site Lighting Enhance Architectural Features

How we use Site Lighting To enhance experience

How we use Daylighting Light Shelf for controlled interior lighting

How we use Interior Lighting Highlight Retail Items

How we use Interior Lighting As an Architectural Feature

How we use Site Lighting Accessibility / Safety Lighting

Street lighting Roadway lighting Parks Stadiums Parking lots Landscaping Residential Buildings Pedestrian and Bicycling Pathways Architectural Lighting

Do we have a Lighting Problem?

Provide a safe and secure environment at night. Extend the use of parks and walkways into the night. To enhance historic/notable features To enhance travel on the roads and at intersections. Purpose of Architectural Lighting

Enhance visibility, not impede it Not produce glare Be a part of the total nightscape, not all of it Not allow light trespass on other’s property Have a master plan Site Lighting

Types of Light Fixtures

Non-Shielded vs Shielded Lights

Outdoor lights should be “full cut-off” or “fully shielded.” That means no light above the 90 degree angle. Use timers, dimmers, and motions sensors. Motion sensors in a parking lot or on a house provide an alert to after hours activity that a dusk to dawn sensor does not. Site Lighting Solutions for Dark Sky

Each outdoor luminaire subject to outdoor lighting regulations shall be full cutoff luminaire No outdoor luminaire situated outside of a public right- of-way and within or immediately adjacent to any low density residential district shall be mounted or placed at a location more than 12’ in height No outdoor luminaire shall be mounted or placed at a location that is more than 20’ in height Spillover light from luminaires onto property line shall not exceed ½ foot candle. Illumination levels shall be measured with a photoelectric photometer Charlottesville Zoning Ordinance

Spillover light from luminaires onto property line shall not exceed ½ foot candle. Outdoor luminaire shall be full cutoff luminaire Albemarle County Zoning Ordinance

Maximum height for lighting fixtures shall be 30’ within vehicular areas and 15’ within non-vehicular areas. Light source shall be completely concealed, directed downward and shall not be visible from any street right-of- way or adjacent properties. Under canopy lighting shall be fully recessed into the canopy Lighting shall be oriented not to direct glare or excessive illumination Fixtures used to accent architectural features, landscaping, or art shall be located, aimed, or shielded to minimize light spill into the night sky Maximum luminance levels shall not exceed ½ foot candles at property line. Waynesboro Zoning Ordinance

All outdoor lighting shall be located, aimed, and shielded so as not to present glare on abutting lots or public streets and to minimize spill light trespassing across lot lines. Control of glare and light trespass shall be accomplished through the application of fully shielded fixtures and a downward aiming angle of no greater than 45 degrees All canopy lighting shall be fully shielded Wallpacks shall be installed and shielded Pole mounted lighting maximum height of 40’ Staunton Zoning Ordinance

All outdoor lighting shall be placed to protect the district and adjacent properties from light trespass and light pollution to the fullest extent possible. Lighting shall be oriented to provide a maximum of ½ a foot candle at property line No lighting shall be allowed to produce glare on streets detrimental to safety Lighting shall use shielded fixtures and structural or vegetative screening that is effective year round. Canopy lighting shall be recessed Rockingham County Zoning Ordinance

Spillover lighting from outdoor luminaires shall not exceed ½ foot candle at property line All canopy lighting shall be installed with lens cover and recessed Augusta County Zoning Ordinance

Adequate lighting shall be provided for proposed developments and lighting installations shall not have an adverse impact on traffic safety or on the character of the surrounding neighborhood. Harrisonburg Zoning Ordinance

Lighting Solutions

Lighting Done Right

What can be done here?

Thank You Questions? Charles Hendricks, AIA, CSI, CDT, CAPS, CGP, LEED AP BD & C The Gaines Group, PLC #F04