MUSIC THROUGH THE AGES Monday, February 8 th

OBJECTIVES  Haydn Quiz Tuesday (Tomorrow)  Review Haydn and Listening  Begin Mozart  Happy Monday!

REVIEW What were the years of Haydn? Where was he born? Which major city did he travel to, twice? What were his primary instruments? What were the names of his two major Oratorio’s? Who was Haydn’s first teacher? Who was his most significant teacher? How many Masses did Haydn write? How many string quartets? What is a Symphony? What prominent family did Haydn work for?

LISTENING REVIEW  =31cF4uq03e4 =31cF4uq03e4  =OitPLIowJ70 =OitPLIowJ70  =4l2c58sWCC4 =4l2c58sWCC4  =4t3Vmo_EM8Y =4t3Vmo_EM8Y  Kyrie from Lord Nelson Mass  Kyrie from Harmoniemesse  Op. 76 No. 3 Mvt. 2  London Symphony

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART  Born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756  Died in 1791 (35 years old)  Is considered to be one of the most prolific composers of all time  Composed over 600 pieces; Symphony, Concerto, Chamber, Opera and Choral

EARLY YEARS  Mozart’s parents were Leopald Mozart and Anna Marie  Father was an accomplished violinist; wrote a book on violin pedagogy (Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule)  When he was 3, Mozart was noted as being able to identify intervals while his sister was playing  He is noted to have created his first composition between the ages of 4 and 5; KV 1a, 1b, 1c  Mozart’s father was his only primary teacher for much of his younger years.

TOURING OF EUROPE  In 1762 (age 6) went on a 3 ½ year tour throughout Europe showcasing as a prodigy with his sister, Nannerl  Met many composer including Johann Christian Bach (J.S. Bach’s youngest son)  In – Mozart toured Italy and met Giovanni Battista Martini and became a member of Academia Filarmonica.  Heard Gregorio Allegri’s Miserere twice and was able to copy it note for note from memory. (Illegal at the time, Mozart created the first surviving copy of this piece) 

EMPLOYMENT  Upon returning from Italy in 1773, Mozart was employed as a court musician by Prince Collerdo of Salzburg  Here, Mozart cultivated his skills in writing in many genres from symphonies to minor operas  In 1775, Mozart found a knack for writing violin concertos; writing 5 in this year. K. 216, K. 218, and K. 219     Following his stint in writing violin concerto’s, Mozart turned to writing Piano Concerto’s. K. 271 in E flat major is considered to be a major triumph in his career 

PARIS…OR NOT…  1777, Mozart resigns from Salzburg and seeks employment in Aubsburg, Mannheim, Paris and Munich  Mannheim proved to be an excellent place to meet contemporary composers of that time; nothing came to fruition in regards to employment unfortunately  Mozart continued to Paris and fell into debt and pawned many of his possessions  Eventually returns to Salzburg in 1779 and takes up a position court organist and Kapellmeister  Wrote two notable works: A minor piano sonata and the Paris Symphony  

TERMS TO KNOW  Galant style – created in opposition to the strictness of the Baroque style, light elegance is emphasized as opposed to the dignified seriousness of the Baroque.  Period – A musical statement, made up of two or more phrases and a cadence.  Phrase – A musical idea; a natural unit of a melodic line.  Cadence – The melodic or harmonic ending of a piece or the sections or phrases within. A chord progression that “feels” like a conclusion: I V I