SolidLiquidGas Spacingclosestintermediatevery far Shapefixed (lattice) bottom of container container Intermolecular forces strongintermediateweak Kinetic energylowintermediatehigh States of Matter

LIQUID GAS SOLID melting vaporization* *evaporation *boiling sublimation condensation freezing = taking away heat (cooling down) = adding heat (heating up) deposition State Change

*Boiling vs. Evaporation-- in more detail  Boiling 1. the vapor pressure in the liquid is greater than the atmospheric pressure 2. occurs throughout the liquid  Evaporation 1. opposite 2. only occurs at the surface of the liquid

energy added at phase change goes into breaking inter- particle forces and NOT raising the temperature

Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO Element Compounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom? Are all the particles alike? Are the particles well-mixed and mixed evenly? YES Classifying Matter

 Element a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances ○ examples- Al, H, Cu, Na, O…  Compound two or more elements chemically bonded together ○ H 2 O, NaCl, HCN… ○ but not O 2, N 2

 Mixtures more than one element or compound that are not chemically bonded together and therefore retain their individual properties ○ examples- salt water, air, dirt, metal alloys… homogenous mixtures ○ uniform properties (all parts of the mixture are the same) heterogenous mixtures ○ non-uniform properties (all parts of the mixture are not the same)

 techniques to separate mixtures boil away liquids (fractional distillation) ○ different liquids boil away at different temperatures use a magnet filter with funnel and filter paper paper chromotography manually with tools …

fractional distillation

Chemical vs. Physical Change  a chemical change is the process of breaking of chemical bonds (ionic or covalent) in one or more substances, and then reforming of new bonds to create new substances  a physical changes is simply changing the state of mater, altering shape, size…