RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT CH. 2. MINERALS & ROCKS Granite of Inwang Mountain

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Presentation transcript:

RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT CH. 2. MINERALS & ROCKS Granite of Inwang Mountain

2-1. MINERALS How does the mineral form? Definition of Minerals Abiogenic Naturally occurring Fixed (or given) chemical formula Ordered structure (atomic arrangement) Solid

Mineral Formation Crystallization from melts (magma) Metamorphic crystallization Precipitation from water (or water vapour) Biogenic productions Other chemical reactions

Mineral Classes Silicates: SiO 4 tetrahedron + other cations & anions (Orthoclase, pyroxenes, amphiboles) Nonsilicates Oxides: Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) Hydroxides: Gibbsite (Al(OH) 3 ) Sulfates: Gypsum (CaSO 4.2H 2 O) Carbonates: Calcite (CaCO 3 ) Phosphates: Apatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F,Cl,OH)) Halides: Halite (NaCl) Sulfides: Pyrite (FeS 2 ) Natural Elements: Gold (Au) etc

Orthoclase. Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil

Diopside. Bellecombe, Châtillon, Aosta Valley, Italy

Tremolite. Campolungo, Piumogna Valley, Leventina, Ticino (Tessin), Switzerland

Hematite. Michigan, USA

Gibbsite. Brazil

Gypsum.

Calcite. National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC

Apatite. Quebec, Canada

Halite. Wieliczka Salt Mine, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Wieliczka, Małopolskie, PolandWieliczka Salt MineUNESCO World Heritage Site

Pyrite. Navajún, Rioja, Spain

Gold. Navajún, Synthetic

Mineral Usages