Final Exam Prep Use with corresponding Study Guide given in class

Who created the Sector model?

Homer Hoyt

Who created the Urban Realms model?

Hartshorn & Muller

Who created the Concentric Zone model?

E.W. Burgess

Who created the Multiple Nuclei model?

Harris & Ullman

What are Von Thunen’s rings, in order?

Around market in middle - 1st ring – dairy/perishables intensive agriculture 2 nd ring – managed forest / lumber & firewood 3 rd ring – extensive agriculture 4 th ring – livestock

What type of industries are resource – oriented?

Bulk-reducing Paper – close to trees (resources) because paper is cheaper to transport

What type of land dominates along the spine, between the CBD and the Mall of the Latin American model?

Upper Class, elite housing

Who came up with the Least Cost theory?

Alfred Weber

What are three parts of Least Cost Theory?

Minimize transportation costs Minimize labor costs Maximize economies of agglomeration

Who came up with the Central Place theory?

Christaller

Who first came up with “other side of the tracks” urban model?

Homer Hoyt’s Sector model

What are the main industries?

Primary – extraction – mining, fishing, agriculture, lumber Secondary – manufacturing / factories Tertiary – service

What type of map shows navigational routes?

Reference - Physical

What type of map shows boundaries between countries?

Reference - political

What type of land use dominates on the periphery of the Latin American model?

Squatter Settlements Disamenity sectors

What type of industries are market- oriented?

Bulk-gaining Soda industry; closer to market, since final product is heavier than resources needed to make

What are the criticisms of Christaller’s model?

Physical geography is important. Consumer behavior is based on more than economic considerations Cars have made long distance travel cheap and easy Multi-purpose shopping trips – often bypass closest location Internet makes it possible to shop from home

What geopolitical theory is the Nazi empire based on?

Ratzel’s Organic theory – needed more living space for Third Reich

Who believed that a great sea power would control the world?

Alfred Mahan – Great Britain – The Influence of Sea Power Upon History ( )

4 Factors of Statehood

States >>>>Nations/Countries Population Sovereignty Territory Government

Largest language family in the world?

Indo –European Latin – French/Spanish/Italian Germanic – English / German

Largest ethnic religion?

Hinduism Other smaller ethnic religions – Shintoism and Judaism

Fastest growing religion?

Islam

Largest globalizing religion?

Christianity 2 nd is Islam

Major assumptions of Von Thunen model?

There is only one market Minimizing costs is the goal of the model All points in model are equal distance from market (fixed transportation costs) Physical environment is uniform Farmers are market oriented

Large scale is to ______ land but _____ detail, while small scale is to ______ land but _______ details.

Large – lots of detail; less land Small scale – small details; lots of land

5 Themes of Geography ??

Region – 3 types Location – 2 types Place – 3 characteristics Movement - diffusion Human – Environment Interaction – Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism

4 Types of Thematic Maps?

Isoline Choropleth Proportional Symbol Dot Density

Early Geographers/ Cartographers??

Zheng He – compass Eratosthenes – “Beta” – circumference of the earth; first use of geography Ptolemy – grid system Aristotle – seasons

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

1. Net migration amounts to only a fraction of gross migration. 2. Most migrants only go a short distance. 3. Migrants who do move far tend to choose big city destinations. 4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural residents. 5. Most international migrants are young adults. 6. Most migrants proceed step-by-step.

7. Large cities tend to grow by migration, rather than by natural increase. 8. Major cause of voluntary migration is economic. 9. Females are more migratory than males within their country of birth, but males frequently venture beyond. 10. Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves. 11. The usual direction of migration is from agricultural areas to centres of industry and commerce.

Stages of the ETM?

1 st – Pestilence and Famine 2 nd – Receding Pandemics 3 rd – Degenerative Diseases 4 th – Delayed Degenerative Diseases

Types of Migration?

Internal vs. International – Inside country vs. to another country Interregional vs. Intraregional – Different region vs. same region

What did Thomas Malthus believe?

Population increases exponentially, while food increases arithmetically

According to the DTM, what happens as countries industrialize?

Death rate and Birth rate both decrease over time

What are the parts of the language tree for English?

Trunk – Indo-European Branch – Germanic Limb – West Germanic Leaf – English

2 Terms for Kurds & Palestinians?

Stateless Nation Multi-State Nation

Review Differences Between Subsistence Farming & Commercialized Farming

Review Notes on Von Thunen

Will need a number 2 pencil for scantron on day on Final