NUTRITION AND DISEASE

What you need to know: I will: understand how specific illnesses, diseases, or medical treatments affect people’s nutritional needs be able to describe the causes and symptoms of nutrient deficiencies and excesses

Medication Induced Nutrient Deficiencies Statins: CoQ10 CoQ10 is an antioxidant that is very important for cardiovascular health. We can produce it in the body but we also consume it in foods Source: animal based protein sources. Cardiovascular – relating to the heart (cardio) or blood vessels

Medication Induced Nutrient Deficiencies Antibiotics: Probiotics Probiotics are the good bacteria that live in our digestive system. These good bacteria help to protect out intestinal tract lining from damage and also help us to digest our food. We are born with these good gut bacteria but antibiotics can deplete the population. Probiotics can be replenished with fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, kimchi, or sauerkraut or through supplementation.

Medication Induced Nutrient Deficiencies Birth control pills: Vitamin B12 The birth control pill will deplete the body of vitamin b12 as well as the other b vitamins and folate. The b vitamins are important for many functions inside our cells. A common side effect of deficient b vitamins is fatigue.

Vocabulary Deficiency – not having something that is needed. E.g. you don’t eat enough V itamin C so you are Vitamin C deficient OR have a vitamin C deficiency. Lethargy - A state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy (not-caring). E. g. when you eat A LOT of food, what do you feel like doing? Simple carbohydrates – easy to digest, made up of sugars such as fruit, hon ey and cane sugar Irritable – having a lack of patience, easily get annoyed, general feeling of cra nkiness E.g. when your teachers are tired they have a lot less patience for silli ness in the class room. Edema – swelling caused by fluid build up. E.g. when you sprain your ankle an d it swells up to twice it’s size.

Cancer A tumour works to steal nutrients away from the body in order to grow This can result in wasting called cachexia People with cancer have an increased protein requirement of g of protein per kilogram of body weight each day compared to the 0.8g per kg required for the average person. Cancer is also characterized by a lot of inflammation, if we reduce inflammation we can help to battle the cancer Healthy fats like omega 3 fatty acids found in fish can help to decrease inflammation Fruits & vegetables are an essential part of a healthy, cancer-fighting diet. They are high in vitamins, minerals, & other phytochemicals, which have been shown to help prevent cancer growth, are essential for immune system functioning. Immune System – the bodily system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues. It’s the system that keeps you from getting the flu or a cold

Metabolic syndrome Also called syndrome X Combination of several pathologies: Obesity Diabetes High blood pressure High cholesterol All dietary related problems High sugar intake, high intake of processed foods with saturated and trans fats Treatment: reduce above-mentioned foods, decrease weight, exercise, increase omega 3 fatty acids Inflammation – when something red, sore, heat and swollen. E.g. when you are sick and your nose is stuff ed up and you can’t breathe. Your nose is inflamed. Saturated Fats – fats found in animals and some plants and oils (coconuts, palm oil) Trans Fats – created when food is processed.

Protein Energy Malnutrition What is it? A form of malnutrition related to a macronutrient deficiency. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are primarily distinguished based on symptoms because their causes are similar. Symptoms: Kwashiorkor: Underweight, edema (swelling), irritability, pale reddish yellow hair, skin changes Marasmus: Marked weight loss, weakness and lethargy. Long term consequences: Stunted growth, mental or physical disability, coma, death Treatment: Prevention, slow introduction of foods starting with simple carbohydrates

Group Work What is it? Does it have another name? What causes it? Symptoms? Prevention (ie how and where would one get more of that nutrient)? Long term consequences?

B12 Deficiency What is it? Symptoms Prevention Long term consequences

Iron deficiency What is it? Symptoms Prevention Long term consequences

Vitamin C deficiency What is it? Symptoms Prevention Long term consequences

Vitamin D deficiency What is it? Symptoms Prevention Long term consequences

Calcium deficiency What is it? Symptoms Prevention Long term consequences