What have these cities in common?

Urban Growth Lesson Aims: To know how different urban areas can be classified To understand why the growth of urban areas has come about.

Types of Urban Area Million city – a city with population of over 1 million (there are around 200 ‘Million cities.’) Super city – a city with a population of over 5 million; Megacity – a city with a population of over 10 million (definition does vary – be careful!); World City – cities of power based on trade, political strength, innovation and communication.

How have urban areas grown? The world is becoming an increasingly ‘urban’ place. By 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population lived in cities For a city to grow, two processes are key: 1.Natural Increase (generally taken to be about 60%) 2.Migration (generally taken to be about 30%) The remaining10% can be accounted for by the reclassification of rural areas. The poorest areas of the world have the fastest urban growth rates and migration tends to dominate growth. Page114 Globe

What are the causes of Rural to Urban Migration? Lee’s model of migration

What are the causes of Rural to Urban Migration? Causes of rural – urban migration tend to differ between high- income and low-income countries (we will explore actual causes through case studies); However for both high and low-income areas, migrants will move from areas which lack opportunities to areas they perceive have opportunities. Is not always the case – many migrants moving to urban areas often find living conditions do not match up to their expectations.

Welcome to Rio! Expectations Reality

Megacities These are commonly defined as urban regions with a population of more than 10 million. However the concept also encompasses the idea of ‘global significance’ (i.e. How significant the city is on a global scale) Therefore cities like London can be defined as a Megacity on account of it being one of the three most connected cities on the planet (even though its population is less than 8 million)

Where are the world’s Megacities?

Where are the world’s Megacities? Task: Complete the table RankCountryPopulation 1Tokyo31,224, Task: Describe the distribution of the world’s Megacities.

Changing distribution of Megacities

In 1900 over half of the world’s largest cities were in Europe. Describe how the distribution of the world’s megacities has changed since 1950.

World Cities These are commonly defined as cities with major economic and political power. They can be megacities (e.g. New York) but are not necessarily (e.g. Paris). No cities in the developing world are ‘full’ world cities. Only one city in Africa (Johannesburg) is considered even a minor world city. Conversely, there are some minor world cities in the developed world (e.g. Stockholm) which only have a population of a couple of million. However in the future it is likely that some megacities of the developing world (e.g. Shanghai and Sao Paulo) are likely to move up the list as their economies develop further. Page 151

Case Study: Mumbai Pages Globe book Where is Mumbai? How has Mumbai’s population changed? Why has the population changed so quickly? What has been the impact of this change? What is Mumbai’s ‘vision for the future?’ How will ‘Vision Mumbai’ work? Make sure you understand all the key terms on these pages!!