Fermilab Neutrino Program Operations Rob Plunkett Fermilab June 24, 2008

June 24-26, 20082FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review Outline of Presentation Introduction to current neutrino program Operations Performance –NuMI Target Hall Systems –MINOS Detectors –Booster Experiments Safety and ES&H Conclusions

June 24-26, 20083FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review Introduction to Fermilab Neutrino Program Fermilab has an active neutrino program, with 3 running experiments (4 detectors) in two beamlines and at 2 sites. MINOS Long-Baseline experiment (140 collaborators) explores atmospheric oscillations scale, using FNAL Main Injector. MinibooNE experiment (80 collaborators) searches for oscillation physics at larger scales and studies basic neutrino interaction physics, using the FNAL booster. SciBooNE (60 collaborators) studies interactions with a precision detector in the Booster Neutrino Beam.

June 24-26, 20084FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MINOS Collaboration Argonne Arkansas Tech Athens Benedictine Brookhaven Caltech Cambridge Campinas Fermilab Harvard IIT Indiana Minnesota-Twin Cities Minnesota-Duluth Oxford Pittsburgh Rutherford Sao Paulo South Carolina Stanford Sussex Texas A&M Texas-Austin Tufts UCL Warsaw William & Mary

June 24-26, 20085FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MINOS Data Accumulation RUN IIa 1.23x10 20 POT RUN IIb 0.71x10 20 POT RUN III 1.27x10 20 POT Other running HE beam: 0.15x10 20 POT RUN I x10 20 POT (2006 Publication) Total Delivered to MINOS 4.86 x10 20

June 24-26, 20086FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review NuMI Beamline Layout Magnetic focusing horns Pulsed at 185 kiloamp 60 cm graphite moveable target allows varying beam energies Beampipe filled with He gas, small drop in neutrino yield

June 24-26, 20087FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review NuMI Target Hall Operations NuMI target hall equipment runs reliably in the face of special challenges –High intensity, high radiation environment –Mechanical and thermal shock on target –Thin decay pipe window –Advanced tritium mitigation (dehumidifiers, water control) These systems maintained by specialized groups within Accelerator Division Mechanical Support and External Beams Departments. Changes during shutdown in summer 2007 –Fill decay pipe with He to reduce stresses on window. –Full dehumidification system for target chase air, modeled on successful system for decay pipe walkway. Overall uptime since 4/1/2007-6/19/2007 is 260 days (72%) –Downtimes due mainly to items that are now repaired. Ceramics on horns Completion of target area dehumidification system (now 15-20% R.H.)

June 24-26, 20088FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review Horn Repairs Have had repeated failures of ceramic coupler in horn water lines. 50 days down since July 2007 so far. Improved design based on detailed failure analysis. Were able to replace all such couplers with improved design in horn 2 during Feb. repairs. After current new horn 1 installation, there will be no old-style couplers remaining. No failures on newer couplings so far – problem seems fixed.

June 24-26, 20089FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review June 24-26, 20089FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review NuMI Spares Production of targets and horns lengthy and skill-intensive. We try to avoid using spares when possible. –Example: Horn 2 repair Current inventory –One horn #2 –One target Currently in process of installing only complete spare horn #1. Although critical welds complete on next spare horn 1, months required for final assembly. Might be able (eventually) to repair the horn 1 we are now removing and use as a spare. TargetHorn 1Horn 2 Now Year 211

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MINOS Detector Operations Both near and far detectors operate with minimal downtime. Far detector: 96.4% FY07, 97.7% FY08 in absolute time, usually above 99% when beam active. Near Detector electronics and cooling modifications during have further improved already excellent reliability. Magnetic field reversals of Near Detector regularly to minimize cosmic ray and calibration systematics.

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MINOS performance graphically Beam on UPS failure – no coverage FY08 Far Detector Ontime by clock Typical ND Weekly performance Averages: Clocktime FD 97.7% (Fiscal Year) Beam on ND 97.3% (last quarter)

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MINOS shifts and technical resources Soudan underground –7 FTE (Facility,MINOS, CDMS) –Coverage M-F 7:30-5:00, on-call holiday/weekend daytimes only, except emergencies. Saves funds for constant DNR hoist crew. One 10 hour down-time from this source. (Expect ~1% downtime). Fermilab (WH12NW control room) –24/7 during beam operations + Run Coordinator –4 6 hour shifts, 1 person each shift, 1 hour overlaps –Effective volunteer/draft system. Maintenance and repairs –Far Detector Minecrew (daily) UK DAQ experts (periodic) Physicist shifters when desired/needed + Ops. expert approx. weekly. –Near Detector Local (resident) physicists for electronics repairs ANL engineer/technician support PPD and FESS/Ops mechanical support

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review ES&H and Safety at NuMI/MINOS No recordable incidents in MINOS areas in past year, one recordable in NuMI Dec. 07. (shoulder strain) Underground areas at Fermilab –Access control by badging, keys and training –Regular housekeeping and annual infrastructure inspections –Pumps inspected/tested monthly Radiation –Strict ALARA plans and remote handling minimize exposure during any repairs –Tritium mitigation by dehumidification, water control

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review ES&H and Safety at Soudan Laboratory Ad Hoc Soudan Safety Group led by Fermilab Associate Director for Research made recommendations which were acted upon during Joint inspections twice yearly by DNR, Fermilab, U.Minn and Lab Safety manager. –First inspection Feb –“personnel were properly trained and qualified for the work they were doing; work areas were orderly, safe, and conducive to a productive environment”. Cleared Soudan II area of unecessary materials, updated documentation. Changes to command center, railings, walkways. MVS Engineering will perform ventilation studies in October.

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review 2 National Laboratories, 14 Universities, 80 Researchers The MiniBooNE Neutrino Experiment University of Alabama Bucknell University University of Cincinnati University of Colorado Columbia University Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory University of Florida Indiana University Los Alamos National Laboratory Louisiana State University University of Michigan Princeton University Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Virginia Polytechnic Institute Yale University SciBooNE Detector

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MiniBooNE Running Nov 2003 to June 2008: 1.1E21 POT Anti-neutrino Neutrino Anti-neutrino Collected 7E20 POT. 5.6E20 POT used for the oscillation analysis. Rest were special runs. Collected 2.33E20 POT Absorber problem for ~1E20POT, but data is usable for analysis. Collected 1E20 POT To be added to updated low energy analysis Collected 0.43E20 POT Goal to add another ~2E20 POT by 2009 shutdown.

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review MiniBooNE Operations 1st Horn died after 95 million pulses. Currently running second horn, with over 150 million pulses, showing no ill signs. Have complete third horn and target ready. Sufficient detector spare parts to run another year, possibly more. Shift burden shared with ScibooNE, will become larger after ending of running of that experiment in Aug –Working on details of remote detector monitoring.

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review SciBooNE detector SciBar vertex detector –14,336 channels –99.85% hit efficiency for MIP –Used in K2K Electron catcher (EC) –11 radiation lengths –14%/sqrt(E) resolution –Used in CHORUS and K2K Muon Range Detector (MRD) –99% muon hit efficiency –Made from recycled detector components Commissioned in spring 2007 First beam events in June 2007 Won DOE “Closing the Circle” Award and P2 Award for pollution prevention

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review SciBooNE data progress Collected 1.05 E20 POT in neutrino mode –0.99 E20 POT passing data quality cuts Collected 0.86 E20 POT in antineutrino mode –0.82 E20 POT passing data quality cuts Average detector efficiency 95% Goal is to reach 1 E20 also in antineutrino mode. Will decommission detector beginning August 18 PMTs, electronics, etc. returned to owners –SciBar - Japan –EC - Italy –MRD - US universities and Fermilab

June 24-26, FNAL Annual Science and Technology Review Conclusions Fermilab currently has world’s leading program in accelerator-based neutrino physics. Efficient operation of neutrino production targeting and focusing systems in difficult environments. –Horn problems believed now corrected –Humidity control mitigates tritium and corrosion issues. Production of spare neutrino beamline components challenging. Safe, cost-effective operation of diverse experiments including remote locations. Detectors ready for extended operations.