Visual 5.2 Your Own Safety is … #1

Visual 5.3 Always work with a… BUDDY!

Visual 5.4 Only do what you have been ___________ to do!!! TRAINED

Visual 5.5 WEAR SAFETY EQUIPMENT!  Hard Hat  Goggles  Mask (N95)  Gloves  Boots

Visual 5.6 Think and ___________ the scene before acting… SIZE UP

Visual 5.7 Hazardous Materials means stay “Uphill, Upwind, and_______________” UPSTREAM

Visual 5.8 Provide the “Greatest _________ for the Greatest_____________” GOOD NUMBER

Visual 5.9 Use your creativity to:  ADAPT  IMPROVISE  OVERCOME

Visual 5.10 Unit Objectives  Define terrorism.  Identify potential targets in the community.  Identify CERT operating procedures for a terrorist incident.  Describe the actions to take following a suspected terrorist incident.

Visual 5.11 What Is Terrorism? The unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group or individual against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. --U.S. Department of Justice

Visual 5.12 Terrorist Goals  Mass causalities  Loss of critical resources  Disruption of vital services  Disruption of the economy  Individual and mass panic

Visual 5.13 Potential Targets?

Visual 5.14 What are the Cities Doing?

Visual 5.15 Water  Santa Clara Valley Water District  San Jose Water Co  California Water Service

Visual 5.16 Terrorist Weapons  Biological  Nuclear  Incendiary  Chemical  Explosive

Visual 5.17 Weapons of Mass Destruction Chemical: Any weapon that is designed or intended to cause death or serious bodily injury through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals, or their precursors, such as mustard gas, nerve agents, and sarin gas. Biological: Any weapon involving a disease organism, such as smallpox, botulinum toxin, and anthrax. Whether naturally occurring, a mutation, or genetically engineered. Radiological/Nuclear: Any weapon that is designed to release radiation into the environment. Explosives: Any weapon that is designed to detonate to cause injury.

Visual 5.18 Risk Assessment

Visual 5.19 B-NICE Indicators Environmental indicators:  Sick or dead animals, fish, or birds  Unscheduled spraying  Vapor clouds or mists  Absence of crops, wildlife, or insects  Person exhibiting suspicious/unusual behavior

Visual 5.20 B-NICE Indicators Environmental indicators:  Out of place and unattended packages, boxes, or vehicles  Packages that are leaking  Unusual materials or equipment  Small explosions that disperse liquids, mists, or gases  Unusual odors or tastes

Visual 5.21 B-NICE Indicators Physical indicators:  Many casualties without signs of obvious trauma  Victims who are exhibiting similar symptoms  Large numbers seeking medical attention

Visual 5.22 Nuclear Explosion Duck & Cover Listen to Radio Cloud

Visual 5.23 MAIL

Visual 5.24 Bombs

Visual 5.25 Evacuation from fire…

Visual 5.26 Shootings  Every situation will be different  Fight or Flight?  Law Enforcement’s response

Visual 5.27 CERT Guiding Principles  Never self-dispatch to a terrorist event!  Team safety is the number one priority.  Always do a thorough sizeup.  What are the dangers?  What are team capabilities?  What are team limitations?

Visual 5.28 Preparing for Terrorism  Assembling a disaster supply kit.  Identify a safe room (home and workplace)  Identify a meeting place.  Develop a family communication plan.  Learn shelter in place procedures.

Visual 5.29 Emergency Supplies  The usual…  New for terrorism…  Antibiotics?

Visual 5.30 Know Your Neighbors!!! Friends MakeGood Neighbors

Visual 5.31 Educate Yourself!!!

Visual 5.32 Shelter-in-Place Procedures  Shut off ventilation system.  Go to safe room with disaster supply kit.  Duct tape plastic sheeting over openings where outside air can come in.  Seal with duct tape other areas where air can come in.  Listen to battery-powered radio for all clear.

Visual 5.33 Contamination If you are in a public place: Don’t leave the scene Follow directions Give contact information Don’t go to the hospital on your own

Visual 5.34 When time is critical…

Visual 5.35 Establishing Zones “Cold Zone” Safe Area “Warm Zone” Evacuation & Decontamination Area “Hot Zone” Incident Contaminated Area Wind Direction

Visual 5.36 Managing Panic  Get out of the way  Listen to instructions  Follow directions  Offer assistance  Provide information  Helping others will help you

Visual 5.37 Questions?

Visual 5.38 Disaster Psychology Emergency Preparedness Lois Sharp, Ph.D.

Visual 5.39 Unit Objectives 1.Describe the disaster and post-disaster emotional environment. 2.Describe the steps that rescuers can take to relieve their own stress and those of disaster survivors.

Visual 5.40 What is a Critical Incident?  Traumatic Event  Stressful Event  Critical Incident usually associated with  Natural disaster  Terrorist activity  War incident  Police/fire

Visual 5.41 Three groups for focus  Yourself as you respond  The people you are helping  Yourself or others after the event

Visual 5.42 Vicarious Traumatization  The process of change in the rescuer, resulting from empathic engagement with survivors  Overidentifying with the survivors  Taking ownership of other’s problems will compound your own stress, and affect CERT’s overall effectiveness  Be alert to signs of disaster trauma in yourself as well as in victims  Take steps to alleviate stress

Visual 5.43 How to help and protect yourself  Always remember: Your own safety is #1  Your fight or flight system will probably activate  You may experience anything from extreme focus to irritability  There is always time for a deep breath  If you start feeling stressed, take a break  You can never predict what will affect you

Visual 5.44 Fight or Flight  Accelerated heart rate  Sweating  Trembling or shaking  Shortness of breath  Nausea or abdominal distress  Feeling dizzy or faint  Chills or hot flashes  Feelings of unreality

Visual 5.45 Those you are helping  Move them away from the traumatic situation - stop the exposure  Watch for irritability - don’t take it personally  Watch for emotional shock - hang with in silence (and then mention it to a professional)  Look for ways to comfort i.e. wrap in blanket, go for a walk with the person  Listen, listen, listen: give kleenex, not advice  Remember, take a break if you need it

Visual 5.46 What to say  Avoid Saying  I understand  Don’t feel bad  You’re strong  You’ll get through this  Don’t cry  It’s God’s will  It could be worse  At least you still have  Replace with  That sounds horrible  How do you feel?  It’s overwhelming, isn’t it?  This is too big to handle, isn’t it?  It’s ok to cry  Pray for strength  I’m glad you’re safe

Visual 5.47 Managing the Death Scene  Cover the body; treat it with respect.  Have one family member look at the body and decide if the rest of the family should see it.  Allow family members to hold or spend time with the deceased.  Let the family grieve.

Visual 5.48 Informing Family of a Death  Separate the family members from others in a quiet, private place.  Have the person(s) sit down, if possible.  Make eye contact and use a calm, kind voice.  Use the following words to tell the family members about the death: “I’m sorry, but your family member has died. I am so sorry.”

Visual 5.49 After the fact  Do not expect yourself to be functioning perfectly, your system needs a chance to reset  Many people do not have a reaction until later  Avoid making important decisions until you have had a chance to integrate the events  Understand that you may feel irritable until the adrenaline has a chance to leave your system  You may feel guilty, elated, shocked, or numb, or may not have a reaction at all

Visual 5.50 Other typical reactions  Cognitive  Physical  Emotional

Visual 5.51 Cognitive (thinking)  Lose concentration  Become disorganized  “Blank out” for a while

Visual 5.52 Physical (biological)  Stomach upset  Back pains  Shoulder / neck pains  Headaches  Chest pains

Visual 5.53 Emotional  Crying, sometimes for no apparent reason  Irritable  Angry  Numb

Visual 5.54 Psychological First Aid  Comfort  Validate  Reassure  Educate

Visual 5.55 How do I help myself?  Talk about it  Give yourself time to deal with it  Take breaks  Turn the TV off - stop exposure  Exercise  Eat healthy foods  Do “mindless” activities  Computer games  Gardening  Anniversary reactions

Visual 5.56 Mediating Factors  Prior experience with a similar event  The intensity of the disruption in the survivors’ lives  Individual feelings that there is no escape, which sets the stage for panic  The emotional strength of the individual  The length of time that has elapsed between the event occurrence and the present

Visual 5.57 More problematic reactions  Panic attacks  PTSD

Visual 5.58 Panic attacks  Physical symptoms of flight or fight with no stimulus  Fear of dying  Fear of losing control or going crazy  Often mistaken for a heart attack  Frequently starts after everything else has settled down

Visual 5.59 PTSD  Intrusion  Flashbacks  Intrusive memories  Nightmares  Arousal  Keyed up/on edge  Hypervigilant  Can’t sleep  Tense muscles  Avoidance  Trying to avoid thinking about it  Substance abuse (don’t do it!)

Visual 5.60 When is it a problem?  Realistically you should seek help if  It feels like a problem  Gets in your way of functioning  Gets worse  Does not get better

Visual 5.61 Questions?

Visual 5.62 Incident Command System  A systems approach:  Organizational Structure  Common Terminology  Flexibility & Adaptability

Visual 5.63 Purpose of On-Scene Management  Maintain safety of disaster workers.  Provide clear leadership and organizational structure.  Improve effectiveness of rescue efforts.

Visual 5.64 Characteristics of ICS  Organizational structure provides for :  Accountability  Authority to make decisions  Formal communications

Visual 5.65 Incident Commander  The only position (function) in the ICS that must always be staffed is the Incident Commander  There must always be someone in charge who is responsible and accountable  This position must be assumed by the first arriving emergency responder – POLICE OR FIRE OR CERT

Visual 5.66 General Staff

Visual 5.67 A Systems Approach Provides for Coordination of Efforts  Delegation of authority and responsibility  Creates a manageable Span of Control  One person--one boss: Unity of Command

Visual 5.68 Span of Control

Visual 5.69 Personnel Qualifications  ICS is not a rank-oriented system  It is a performance-oriented one  The best qualified person is placed into the appropriate functional level for the situation

Visual 5.70 Emergency Response Structure State Region Op Area Local Government Field

Visual 5.71 NIMS / SEMS / ICS

Visual 5.72 CERT Decisionmaking  Heavy damage = No rescue  Moderate damage = Minimize rescuers and time in building  Light damage = Locate, triage, treat, and prioritize victim removal

Visual 5.73 Responsibilities for Documentation  Provide command post with ongoing information.  Document incident status.  Incident locations  Access routes  Identified hazards  Support locations

Visual 5.74 Review Objectives of CERT Organization  Identifies the scope of the incident  Determines an overall strategy  Deploys resources  Documents actions and results

Visual 5.75 Tabletop Exercise Garden Gate Glencoe Hanford

Visual 5.76 Exercise Objectives  Organization of CERT Response  Familiarity with Communications  Establishing Priorities  Identifying Needs/Resources

Visual 5.77 Scenario  A moderate earthquake has struck the area measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale. Reports on the radio are stating that several cities in the area have sustained a lot of damage.  You and your family are secure.  As a newly graduated CERT you have an overpowering urge to organize and assist where you might best be needed. Along the way to your assembly area, you come by a number of CERT grads to assist you in your endeavor.  Given the sketchy scenario outlined above, how will you organize your group to check out injuries and damage in your neighborhood?

Visual 5.78 Incident 1.Vehicle Fire at Hanford

Visual 5.79 Incidents 2.Building Collapsed at Garden Gate.

Visual 5.80 Incidents 3.Report of a building collapse at Hanford

Visual 5.81 Incidents 4.Vehicle Accident at the Intersection of Glencoe & Garden Gate.

Visual 5.82 Incidents 5. Cries are heard at Garden Gate.

Visual 5.83 Incidents 6.Smoke showing at Hanford.

Visual 5.84 Incidents 7. 4 Children found at Garden Gate, can’t find their parents

Visual 5.85 Incidents 8.A Van Brings 8 Patients to Hanford.

Visual 5.86 Incidents 9.Reddish/Yellowish Plume reported at the corner of Hanford.

Visual 5.87 Incidents 10.Birthday Party at Garden Gate. Report of injuries

Visual 5.88 Incidents 11. Elderly neighbor at Garden Gate. (retired CERT) offers use of his supplies.

Visual 5.89 What Is Your Situation Status? A battalion chief just arrived and wants to know your status  What assistance do you require from professional rescuers?  Medical (Immediate/Delayed?)  Fire suppression  Rescue

Visual 5.90 Summary Garden Gate Garden Gate 3 11 Locations

Visual 5.91 Wrap Up  Questions  Homework  Feedback Sheet  Directions to Graduation Exercise