Launching a New Nation: Troubles at Home and Abroad Mrs. Straka

Conflicts in Northwest Territory As a result of the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution the United States had gained the vast territory north and west of the Ohio River to the Mississippi River. The British still had forts in this region, but had agreed to withdraw in a “reasonable” amount of time. Ten years later and the British troops are still there. Not only did the British completely go against their agreement to leave, but they also began supplying the Native Americans with guns and ammunition with the hopes that they could slow the American settlement in the Northwest territory.

Struggle over lands The Native Americans wanted to keep their lands. The Federal government tried to force the Native Americans to sell their land in the NW territory. By 1790, they had succeeded in buying much of the land. However, there are still some Native Americans that refused to sell. This did not stop the American settlers trying to settle in these areas.

A Series of Battles Washington sends a small force to end the Native American attacks on settlers. Americans are defeated The following year Washington sends an even larger force, but then sees an even larger defeat. More than 900 soldiers were killed or wounded. Washington then turns to a war hero (Anthony Wayne) and asks to him lead the forces against the Native Americans. He does this and the Americans see a victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This broke the Native American hold on the NW. We gained Ohio

French Revolution French Revolution begins in 1789 Most Americans supported the French Revolutionaries because in their eyes the French were following in their footsteps by going against the monarchy. However, the French Revolution became very controversial in the United States.

Reign of Terror One reason the Revolution became controversial in the US is because it became extremely violent the Reign of Terror begins. French Revolutionaries execute about 17,000 people, including the King and Queen. Federalists denounced the violence, but the Republicans (Jefferson) argued that in order to fight the oppression injustices were to be expected

Another reason the war became controversial is because Britain and France were at war with one another. This causes conflict because Washington believes that the US should remain neutral. This would allow the US to still trade with both sides

The British and French did not view this the same way. They feared that such trade would help the opposing side. Therefore, both countries began stopping American ships and taking all their cargo. The British made things worse because in addition to taking their cargo, they would take the American sailors and force them to serve in the British Navy.

Tensions Rise Hamilton (Treasurer) urged the President to stay friendly with Britain. He urged him to do this because he believed that the prosperity of the US depended on our relationship with Britain. 75% of our exports go to Britain, 90% of our imports came from Britain.

Washington agreed to repair the relationship with Britain. John Jay was sent to London to try and make a deal. John Jay returned with a treaty in The agreement read: The US would agree to pay the debts long owed to the British merchants. Britain would agree to pay for the ships that they seized. They also agreed to get their troops out of the NW territory and stop helping the Native Americans. In this agreement the British refused to let go of the sailors that they took and also refused to recognize the US right to trade with France

The Jay Treaty angered the Republicans. They thought the US gave away too much and didn't gain enough. Federalists liked it because it kept peace with Britain. Barely won approval by the Congress

Washington Retires Farewell Address made 2 major points 1: Warned against political divisions at home Thinks the divisions would tear the nation apart 2: Warned the US to not get involved in the affairs of Europe

Washington’s Presidential Accomplishments 1: US had a functioning federal government 2: Economy was improving 3: Avoided War 4: British left their forts in US and NW territory was safe for settlement

The Presidency of John Adams Straka

Troubles with France Adams immediately faced with issues with France. France is mad because the US remained neutral in War with Britain. France hoped for US support. Had the French not helped the US during the Revolution they may not have won. Therefore, France thought this would be a way to return the favor. Jay Treaty only increased tensions with France. France saw the treaty as the US taking Britain’s side.

XYZ Affair Agents of the French government demanded that the US pay a bribe of $250,000. Also asked the US to loan France millions of dollars. Obviously Declined the demand Bribe attempt became public Agents were anonymous (XYZ)

War Fever XYZ caused war fever in the US. Federalists wanted Adams to ask Congress to declare war on France. Adams decides to ask congress to increase the size of the army and rebuild the navy - which does happen. Between 1798 and 1800 the US fought an undeclared naval war with France. Adams opposed a full scale war To avoid war Adams sent a new mission to France France’s Dictator (Napoleon) was busy with war in Europe and agreed to stop seizing American ships

President Adams avoided war. Agreement angered Federalist party Disapproval weakened Adams politically Adams was happy though

States’ Rights Republicans don’t agree with Sedition Act because they it violated the 1st Amendment - right to freedom of speech Supreme Court (checking for Constitutionality was not yet set up) Republicans decided to go through the state legislature. Republicans lead campaign attacking Alien and Sedition Acts. States of Virginia and Kentucky declared the acts unconstitutional They declared that they had the right to declare that. No one else agreed so it had little impact Acts don’t last long anyways Alien ends after two years Sedition expired 1801 Leads to states rights and issues with the rights later with slavery.