Bell Work What does Manifest Destiny mean? This Day in History: December 8, President Roosevelt addresses congress about the attack at Pearl Harbor and the United States declares war on Japan. December 8, John Lennon, a former member of the Beatles, the rock group that transformed popular music in the 1960s, is shot and killed by an obsessed fan in New York City.

The Mexican- American War and Gold Rush

Mexican War Starts James K. Polk was determined to get the New Mexico and California territories. John Slidell was sent to Mexico to offer $30 million for the territories, and to establish the Texas border at the Rio Grande River. Mexico refused to sell.

Mexican War starts General Zachary Taylor was ordered into the disputed territory in Texas between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers. Mexico viewed this as an invasion and attacked. Polk went before Congress and asked for a declaration of war saying, “Mexico had invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil.” Congress declared war on May 13, 1846.

War Plan Drive Mexican forces out of Texas. (Achieved by Zachary Taylor by 1847) Seize California and New Mexico. (Achieved by John C. Fremont in California and Stephen Kearny in New Mexico) Capture the Mexican capital at Mexico City. (Achieved by General Winfield Scott)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gave the U.S. 500,000 square miles of territory in modern day CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO, WY. Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its border with Texas. U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assumed $3.25 million in debts Mexico owed American citizens.

California California controlled by Mexico before Mexican-American War. Mexican officials gave Swiss immigrant John Sutter permission to found a colony there in  Became a popular rest stop for immigrants.

California Gold Rush Gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill in January About 80,000 gold-seekers came to California in 1849; they were called forty-niners. They would prospect, or search for gold, along banks of streams or in surface mines. California produced $60 million in gold in 1853.

Miners Miners came from many cultures and backgrounds.  Most were young, unmarried men in search of adventure.  80% were Americans; the rest came from around the world.  Only 5 percent of gold-rush immigrants were women or children.  Women generally made good money by cooking meals, washing clothes, and operating boardinghouses. Miners paid high prices for basic necessities because the huge amount of gold in circulation caused severe inflation in California.

Westward Migration Causes Americans believe in idea of manifest destiny United States acquires vast new lands in West Pathfinders open trails to new territories Gold is discovered in California Effects Native Americans are forced off lands Americans travel west to settle new areas United States stretches to Pacific California experiences population boom

California Population explosion quickly made California eligible for statehood. Became 31st state in Many immigrants from around the world came to California; from , 24,000 Chinese men came to the U.S.

Assignment Chapter 12 Review Pg. 343, 1-10 Chapter 13 Review Pg. 370, 1-2 and Pg. 371, 1-10