Agenda Magna Carta Activity- 10 minutes to finish Finish England PPT France PPT Rest of the Nation States Worksheet What’s Due Magna Carta What’s Next Crusades

After the fall of Charlemagne’s empire, French counts and dukes ruled independent feudal kingdoms. The Capet family ruled Paris 1 st to United France- Hugh Capet Expanded power throughout France and strengthened the central government in the process. Controlled Paris Located on major trade routes

Philip was determined to weaken the power of the English kings in France. William and others ruled England from France Seized Normandy from King John in 1204 and, by the end of his reign, had tripled the lands under his direct control. 1 st French King to be more powerful than vassals Established bailiffs Representatives of the central government who were sent to every district in the kingdom Presided over the king’s courts and collect taxes.

As in England, the French king had a council of noblemen and clergy that he called when he needed support for his policies. Church leaders were known as the First Estate Lords were known as the Second Estate. In 1302, Philip IV decided to include commoners in the council meeting => creation of the Third Estate and the Estates-General Helped increase royal power against the nobility Unlike Parliament never became an independent force that limited the king’s power.

When the last Capetian king died without a successor, England’s Edward III claimed the right to the French throne as grandson of Philip IV. The war continued off and on from and became known as the Hundred Years’ War. The war was fought mainly on French soil.

Although the French eventually won the war, the British won three important battles: The Battle of Crécy (1346): The English were outnumbered 3:1, but archers with longbows decimated the French forces. The Battle of Pontiers (1356): French king and his son were captured and held for ransom. The Battle of Agincourt (1415): Personally led by King Henry V of England, English troops were again outnumbered almost 5:1

England was dominating the war until a 17- year-old peasant girl, Joan of Arc, emerged onto the scene. Believed she received messages from God to help return the French king to the throne. Supplied with an army by Charles, the heir to the French throne, Joan of Arc achieved a significant victory at the Battle of Orleans. The French, united under their king and motivated by the victory of Joan of Arc, pushed the English forces from France by 1453.

Charles VII was crowned king on July 17, In 1430, Joan was captured by the Burgandians (allies of the British) Turned her over to the English, who then turned her over to Church authorities to stand trial. Although the French king owed his crown to Joan, he did nothing to rescue her. She was condemned as a witch and heretic because of her claim to hear voices and burned at the stake on May 30, 1431.

Raised the power and prestige of the French monarch. For both countries, it gave birth to nationalism No longer was the king viewed as a feudal lord, but as a national leader fighting for the glory of the country. Identified France and England as different nations The end of the war marked the destruction of two major characteristics of the Middle Ages: religious devotion and feudal knights.