Spain Builds an American Empire Chapter 20, Section 1

The Voyages of Columbus Chirstopher Columbus reaches the Americas in 1492 Chirstopher Columbus reaches the Americas in 1492 Believing he is in the East Indies, he calls the natives “los indios” Believing he is in the East Indies, he calls the natives “los indios” Initially lands on an island he calls San Salvador, likely in the Bahamas Initially lands on an island he calls San Salvador, likely in the Bahamas

The Voyages of Columbus Unable to find gold, Columbus claims land for Spain After returning to Europe, Columbus sails for America with a large fleet in 1493 Spain plans to set up colonies – lands controlled by a foreign nation

Exploration Kicks Off Pedro Àlvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal (1500) Pedro Àlvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal (1500) Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a new continent (1501) Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a new continent (1501) Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan sails around the world (1519) Ferdinand Magellan sails around the world (1519)

Spain Conquers Mexico Hernando Cortés, a Spanish adventurer, lands in Mexico in 1519 Hernando Cortés, a Spanish adventurer, lands in Mexico in 1519 He and others become known as conquistadors – Spanish conquerors He and others become known as conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

The Aztec Conquest Cortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán By 1521, they conquer the Aztecs Conquest aided by superior weapons and Native American allies European diseases wipe out many Aztecs

Spain Conquers Peru Francisco Pizarro leads a force to Peru in 1532 Francisco Pizarro leads a force to Peru in 1532 Pizaroo kills Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, leaving the Inca leaderless Pizaroo kills Atahualpa, the Inca ruler, leaving the Inca leaderless

Solidifying Control After conquest, Spanish men and Native American women have children After conquest, Spanish men and Native American women have children Leads to a large mestizo – mixed Spanish and native – population Leads to a large mestizo – mixed Spanish and native – population Encomienda system – Spanish force natives to work for them Encomienda system – Spanish force natives to work for them In the 1530’s, the Portuguese settle in Brazil and use native labor to grow sugar In the 1530’s, the Portuguese settle in Brazil and use native labor to grow sugar

Spanish Influence Expands American conquests bring great wealth to Spain Spain’s navy grows to protect its treasure fleets Spain relies on treasure, neglects domestic industry Juan Ponce de León claims Florida in 1513

Spanish Influence Expands In the 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores the Southwest, finding little gold In the 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores the Southwest, finding little gold Catholic priests set up missions in the Southwest Catholic priests set up missions in the Southwest In the early 1600s, Spain establishes a capital at Santa Fe In the early 1600s, Spain establishes a capital at Santa Fe

Opposition Rises Catholic priests protest mistreatment of Native Americans Encomienda system abolished in 1542 This leads to a need for sturdy workers in mines and farms Turn to African slave labor

Opposition Rises Some Native Americans begin to resist the Spanish Some Native Americans begin to resist the Spanish In 1680, Popé, a leader of the Pueblo Indians, leads a rebellion against Spain in modern New Mexico In 1680, Popé, a leader of the Pueblo Indians, leads a rebellion against Spain in modern New Mexico Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay Spain has now consolidated control over much of Central America Spain has now consolidated control over much of Central America