Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Chapter 2 Medical Informatics: The Health Information Technology Decade

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Informatics  Medical informatics has many definitions. The common emphasis in all definitions is on the use of technology to organize information in health care.

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Informatics (cont)  Medical Informatics focuses on using computers to organize information to: Improve diagnostic images and image-guided and minimally invasive surgery Develop simulations; develop low-cost diagnostic tests Treat physical handicaps Provide consumers with information Coordinate international medical reporting Develop and improve information systems Develop decision-support systems

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Medical Informatics (cont)  Subspecialties include: Bioinformatics Dental informatics Nursing informatics Public health informatics

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Health Information Technology Decade  The U.S. government is attempting to make the EHR and e-prescribing universal by 2014  It is calling 2004–2014 the Health Information Technology (HIT) decade

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. HIPAA: A Brief Introduction  HIPAA was passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law in 1996 Its goals are:  To make health insurance portable from one job to another  To secure the privacy of medical records

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Patient Information Form  Includes: Personal Medical Insurance information

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Paper Medical Record  The traditional patient record was on paper stored in one doctor’s office Problems  Paper medical records may be illegible, which can lead to serious errors in diagnosis, treatment, and billing  There is only one copy of a paper medical record, leading to difficulty in sharing patient information

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Electronic Medical Record (EMR)  Encouraged by HIPAA and the federal government, the electronic medical record (EMR) is very slowly replacing the paper record  The EMR is a record of a patient at one healthcare facility; it belongs to the facility

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Electronic Health Record (EHR)  The information on a patient’s EMR will form the basis of the electronic health record (EHR)  The EHR is an electronic record of patient health information Generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting Includes information from all the health care providers and institutions that give care to the patient

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Electronic Health Record (cont)  Ideally the EHR is not the property of any one institution or practitioner  Eventually, it must be interoperable nationally and internationally

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs)  Regional cooperation is being fostered through the establishment of Regional health information organizations (RHIOs) in which data could be shared within a region  It is a first step toward national interoperability

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Indian Health Service Electronic Health Record  The Indian Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services of the federal government Developed an electronic health record with a graphical user interface Interacts with the Resource and Patient Management System (RPMS) database of health care applications

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Indian Health Service Electronic Health Record Patient Chart

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Indian Health Service Electronic Patient Chart (cont)  Problem List

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Indian Health Service Patient Chart (cont)  Medications

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Indian Health Service Patient Chart (cont)  Review labs

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Indian Health Service Patient Chart (cont)  Order entry

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Indian Health Service Patient Chart (cont)  Superbill

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Computer Information Systems in Health Care  Computerized information systems are used in some hospitals and other health-care facilities Help manage information Organize relevant information

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Computer Information Systems in Health Care (cont)  To receive the full benefits of computer technology: Each of these separate information systems needs to be linked under the hospital information system

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. EMR Adoption 2006  According to HIMSS Analytics, in 2006: No hospital in the U.S. had fully computerized hospital information systems Only 2.5 percent had computerized physician order entry and computerized decision support systems installed

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Source: HIMSS AnalyticsTM Database (derived from the Dorenfest IHDS+ DatabaseTM)

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Hospital Information Systems  Hospital information systems (HIS) should include: Clinical information systems Financial information systems Laboratory information systems Nursing information systems Pharmacy information systems Picture archiving communication systems Radiology information systems

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. Does Computerization Improve Patient Outcomes?  Not enough providers are using the EHR to see the full benefit of computerization  An editorial in Health Affairs asserted that more testing is needed

Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. The Introduction of Computer Systems  Studies that do exist suggest that the most successful systems are created with the participation of those who will use them  Systems imposed from above are not as readily accepted