THE PROBLEMS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AT HYDERABAD CITY, PAKISTAN NEW ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II, ADVANCED DECEMBER 24, 2014   THE PROBLEMS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AT HYDERABAD CITY, PAKISTAN Presented By SAIMA KALWAR PhD Student FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA MALAYSIA  

Presentation Contents ◙ What is Municipal Solid waste ◙ Main Sources of Municipal Solid Waste ◙ Generation of Municipal Solid Waste ◙ Dumping Sites of MSW in Hyderabad City ◙ Garbage Collection System and its Problems ◙ Effects of Municipal Solid Waste ◙ Suggestions For Improvement of MSW

What Is Municipal Solid Waste? Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), commonly called “trash” or “garbage,” includes wastes: ◙ Durable goods (e.g., tires, furniture) ◙ Nondurable goods (e.g., newspapers, plastic plates/cups) ◙ Containers and packaging (e.g., milk cartons, plastic wrap) ◙ Other wastes (e.g., yard waste, food). This category of waste generally refers to common household waste, as well as office and retail wastes, but excludes industrial, hazardous and construction wastes and collected usually by local government bodies (Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. 2014).

Map of Hyderabad City Eighth Largest city of Pakistan Population: 1,447,275 (2008)

Main Sources of Municipal Solid Waste Generation Residential Waste Commercial Waste Hospital Waste Animal Waste

Municipal Solid Waste Generation Per Day In Hyderabad City S. No Waste Type Generation Rate (kg/Head/Day) Total Solid Waste Generation in Tons/day 1 Residential Waste 0.37 752 2 Commercial Waste 0.21 426 3 Hospital Waste 0.004 8 4 Recyclable Waste 0.22 447 Total MSW Generation 0.8 1625 Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

Residential & Commercial Municipal Solid Waste Generation In Hyderabad City (kg/Head/Day): Seasons Residential Waste Commercial Waste Total Summer Season 0.28 0.113 0.39 Monsoon Season 0.43 0.214 0.64 Winter Season 0.41 0.302 0.71 Average 0.37 0.21 0.58 Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

Hospital Waste Generation In Hyderabad City: No. GH No. PH Total NB GR (kg/Bed/Day) AW NB x GR Population (Census 1998) GR (kg/Head/Day)= AW/ Population 11a 20a 3647a 2.21b 8059.87 2,031,000c 0.004 Source: Umeed Foundation Hyderabad Where No. GH: Number of Government Hospitals No.PH: Number Of Private Hospitals NB: Number of Beds GR: Generation Rate AW: Amount of Waste in kg a: Directorate of General Health Service Hyderabad city b: Umeed Foundation Hyderabad City c: Development Statistics of Sindh, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh

Municipal Solid Waste Components In Hyderabad City S. No Waste Components Percentage 1 Ash, Bricks and Dust 18.13 2 Glass 6.08 3 Metals 3.66 4 Cardboard 6.70 5 Food Waste 30.81 6 Leather 1.11 7 Paper 5.89 8 Plastic 8.74 9 Rubber 1.09 10 Textile 2.07 11 Wood 1.83 12 Yard waste 13.84 Total 100 Source: Mahar et.al, 2011

Municipal Solid Waste Components In Hyderabad City

Dumping Sites of MSW in Hyderabad City: ❶ Phuleli Channel ❷ Site Area of Hyderabad City ❸ Hala Naka and Bakra Mandi (Goat Market) ❹ By-Pass to Naseem Nagar ❺ Road Sides/Shoulders ❻ Public Parks/ playgrounds ❼ Vacant plots and areas

Garbage Collection System And Its Problems Stage 1: From house → resident travels to dispose garbage → to dust bins Stage 2: From dust bins → municipality vehicles dispose of garbage → to dumping sites OR → to unofficial dumping ground

Problems: ● Poor attendance of sanitary workers. ● Gradual decrease in number of dust bins, as a large number of garbage containers (Katchra Kundi) are in the workshop for repairs. ● Those who live further away prefer not to take the trouble ● The resultant is that majority of home waste ends up being thrown away on empty plots. ● Those bins can only be found along the main roads ● Haphazard accumulation of garbage on streets, in open spaces and in drains. ● The uncollected waste usually finds it way in sewers, is eaten by the cattle, or left to rot in the open, or burnt on roadsides. These are harmful practices.

Effects Of Municipal Solid Waste Health Problems ■ Malaria ■ Cholera ■ Hepatitis A, B & C ■ Asthma ■ Eye Irritation ■ Reparatory Diseases ■ Serious consequences relation to new born and unborn babies. Economic Effects ■ Increased Transport cost ■ Increased Health cost ■ Repair of Sewer Lines ■ Decline in crop production Environmental Effects ■ Smoke and bad odour ■ Generation of hazardous gases ■ Acid deposition – acid rain ■ Climate change ■ Ozone depletion – ecosystem damage

Suggestions For Improvement of MSW ❶ Developing legal framework and national guidelines for MSW management ❷ Development of 3R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) concept in MSW management ❸ Raising awareness about consequences caused by solid waste pollution among: ►General Public ► Politicians ► Policy Makers ► Administrative Bodies ❹ Collaboration among Government sector, NGO’s, CBO’s and Private sector ❺ Involvement of Private Sector For Collection and Recycling on commercial basis ❻ House to house collection of MSW should be organized ❼ Littering of solid waste should be prohibited in cities, towns and urban areas ❽ Proper segregation would be vital for scientific disposal of waste

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