The Dark Matter Awakens 1 Dark Matter and LHC The Dark Matter Awakens --- Teruki KamonDark Matter! “Fought well you have, my Padawan. May the Dark-Matter force be with you.” William P. Clements HS, March 31, 2016 Teruki Kamon

2 Quick Quiz: Einstein and Hawking 1)He is the author of a book “A brief history of time”. Who is he? 2)He is famous for this simple equation E = m c 2. Who is he? 3)He failed his University Entrance Exam and had to reapply a year later, but received a Nobel prize for photoelectric effect. Who is he? 4)He predicted black-body radiation by black holes. Who is he? 5)On Feb. 11, 2016, scientists announced the detection of gravity waves (GWs) (Sep 14, 2015). GWs are ripples in space-time created by violent collision of two massive black hales in the universe. This was predicted by his theory in Who is he? 6)He is the first person to point out there is unseen matter (“dark matter”) in the universe. Who is he? © Premiere Props Dark Matter and LHC

Teruki Kamon3 Who Wanted “Dark Matter”? DM Darth Vader “No. I am not your father.” Fritz Zwicky (1933) “It’s me.” Dark Matter and LHC

This is what expect … Teruki Kamon4Dark Matter and LHC

Rotation curve of a typical spiral galaxy: predicted (A) and observed (B). The discrepancy between the curves is attributed to dark matter. Teruki Kamon5 This is what we found … Vera Rubin (1970) Dark Matter and LHC

4321 normal matter dark matter splitting normal matter and dark matter apart – Another Clear Evidence of Dark Matter – (8/21/06) Dark Matter (Gravitational Lensing) Ordinary Matter (NASA’s Chandra X Observatory) time Approximately the same size as the Milky Way Dark Matter in the Universe Teruki Kamon6Dark Matter and LHC

Teruki Kamon7 normal matter dark matter splitting normal matter and dark matter apart – Another Clear Evidence of Dark Matter – (8/21/06) Dark Matter in the Universe Dark Matter and LHC We relate phenomena at a gigantic scale in the universe to the pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Dark Matter in Collisions 8 1)[E = mc 2 ] Energy in each collision the LHC is transformed to particles just like the first fraction of seconds after the Big Bang. 2)[Particle Telescope] Super-fast detector takes a snapshot of particles in each collision. 3)Study of particles allows us to answer some of big questions. Closer to understanding of the universe. Teruki Kamon Dark Matter and LHC

One of the fastest racetracks on Earth: LHC: Proton-Proton Collider 27 km ring Geneva Airport CERN 27km-long ultra high vacuum tubes with about one thousand 14.3m- long dipole magnets and 8000 other types of magnets, accelerating protons to % of speed of light. You would have to connect 0.6 trillion (600,000,000,000) 12V batteries l

E = mc 2 … Mission Possible? Proton-proton collisions at the LHC can produce the Higgs boson (~130 times heavier than a proton!) along with the electrons and protons, and possibly dark matter particle. Teruki Kamon10 Proton Higgs New Particles Electron My Wife’s Dream Dark Matter and LHC

Big&Heavy “Particle Telescope” Detector 21 m 15 m 15 m, 12,500 tons 21 m x 15 m x 15 m, 12,500 tons Teruki Kamon11 The CMS is one of two super-fast & super-sensitive detectors, consisting of 15 heavy elements, collecting debris from the collision and converting a visual image for us. Dark Matter and LHC

Image of “Particle” Telescope Teruki Kamon12 “Particle” Telescope at CERN vs. Hubble Space Telescope in outer space Hubble Space Telescope Dark Matter and LHC

200+ x (2015)  12,000 x (2018) 13Dark Matter and LHC We take many pictures of “debris” of proton-proton collisions using a super- fast/super-sensitive detector, followed by extensive “detective” analyses to find evidence of new and rare phenomena.

?20** Teruki Kamon14 Discovery of Dark Matter? DM p Dark Matter and LHC

Teruki Kamon15 Dark Matter in the Universe – Interconnection between phenomena at a gigantic scale in the universe to the pp collisions at the LHCEpilogue Dark Matter and LHC Ordinary Matter (5%) Dark Matter (27%) What is the dark matter? An elementary particle? Explained by known particles. Dark Energy (68%) 68.3% 4.9% 26.8% Inventory of Universe