Gender Differences in Daytime Somnolence among Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans Carol M. Baldwin, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN 1,2,3 ● Mary Z. Mays, PhD 4 ●

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Gender Differences in Daytime Somnolence among Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans Carol M. Baldwin, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN 1,2,3 ● Mary Z. Mays, PhD 4 ● Janice K. Jirsak, MS 4 Carol M. Baldwin, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN 1,2,3 ● Mary Z. Mays, PhD 4 ● Janice K. Jirsak, MS 4 Luxana Reynaga Ornelas, MS, RN 5,1 ● Stuart F. Quan, MD 6,7 Luxana Reynaga Ornelas, MS, RN 5,1 ● Stuart F. Quan, MD 6,7 1 Arizona State University College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 2 Southwest Borderlands Scholar, 3 Director, Center for World Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; 4 Brandman University, San Diego, CA: 5 Universidad de Guanajuato, Escuela de Enfermería, León, Guanajuato, México; 6 University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ; 7 Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 4 Brandman University, San Diego, CA: 5 Universidad de Guanajuato, Escuela de Enfermería, León, Guanajuato, México; 6 University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ; 7 Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Background Prior studies have indicated that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; Johns, 1991) is more likely to identify men with daytime sleepiness (EDS) (Baldwin et al., 2004). These studies have primarily included English speakers of Western European descent. This study compared Spanish-speaking Latinos. Methods Participants for this analysis:Participants for this analysis: Spanish-speaking Mexican American men (n=90) and women (n=114), who reside in the Southwestern U.S.Spanish-speaking Mexican American men (n=90) and women (n=114), who reside in the Southwestern U.S. Instrument and data collection:Instrument and data collection: Rigorously translated and validated Spanish Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) Sleep Habits Questionnaire (SHQ), which included the ESSRigorously translated and validated Spanish Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) Sleep Habits Questionnaire (SHQ), which included the ESS Statistical Methods:Statistical Methods: Subject characteristics, ESS scores, and SHHS daytime sleepiness, feeling unrested and insufficient sleep items were compared by gender using analysis of variance (mean ± SD), frequency statistics and Spearman correlation coefficients (PASW v17) with significance set at p<0.05Subject characteristics, ESS scores, and SHHS daytime sleepiness, feeling unrested and insufficient sleep items were compared by gender using analysis of variance (mean ± SD), frequency statistics and Spearman correlation coefficients (PASW v17) with significance set at p<0.05 Funding: NIH NICHD Grant #1R03 HD051678A2 ‘Spanish Translation and Validation of a Sleep Measure’ (PI: CM Baldwin) Conclusions Conclusions 1.Results replicate prior U.S research indicating that men score higher on the ESS than women; correlation coefficients for sleepy and unrested with the ESS mirror prior studies 2.These findings suggest a cross-language validation of the phenomenon; 3.Future research should explore whether the ESS contains a multi-cultural gender bias, or if it is sensitive to differences in sleep patterns of men and women SHQ Spanish version Acknowledgements Myunghan Choi, PhD, APRN, MPH Manuela Vital, RN, ANP and Sai Moturu, PhD for data management and review; MICS and IT teams for poster printing support (n (%) represent presence of disorders on SHQ with Yes = “often” or “almost always”) References Baldwin CM, Kapur VK, Holberg CJ, et al. (2004). Associations between gender and measures of daytime somnolence in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 27: daytime somnolence in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 27: Johns M. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 14: Sleep 14: Demographics +p<0.10; *p<0.05 Men(n=90)44%Women(n=114)56% Age (years) Range Range Education (years) Range Range Marital Status: n (%) + Married/Partnered Married/Partnered Single/Divorced Single/Divorced Annual Income: n (%)* < $10K < $10K $10K - $20K $10K - $20K $20K - $40K $20K - $40K $40K - $75K $40K - $75K >$75K >$75K Insurance: n (%)* Not insured Not insured Medicare/Medicaid Medicare/Medicaid Insured Insured Body mass Index Range Range 41.3 ± – ± – (76.7) 21 (23.3) 29 (32.2) 26 (28.9) 26 (28.9) 26 (28.9) 7 (7.8) 7 (7.8) 2 (2.2) 2 (2.2) 61 (61.8) 7 (7.8) 46 (30.1) 27.4 ± – ± – ± – (64.0) 41 (36.0) 53 (46.5) 26 (22.8) 28 (24.6) 7 (6.1) (48.2) 9 (7.9) 50 (43.9) 27.4 ± – 42.0 Prevalence of Moderate or High Chance (score of 2 or 3) of Dozing for each ESS Scenario +p<0.10; *p<0.05 Men(n=90)Women(n=114) 1.Sitting and reading 2.Watching television 3.Sitting inactive in a public place 4.Riding as a passenger in a car 5.Resting in the afternoon 6.Sitting and talking 7.After lunch without alcohol 8.Stopped for a few minutes in traffic 26 (28.9) 45 (50.0) 17 (18.9) 33 (36.7) 53 (58.9) 6 (6.7) 29 (32.4) 6 (6.7) 34 (29.8) 41 (36.0) + 16 (14.1) 33 (28.9) 53 (46.5)* 4 (3.5)* 24 (21.0)* 8 (7.0) *p<0.05; **p<0.01 ESS Score SHHS Sleepy SHHSUnrestedSHHSInsufficient Sleep Sleep All Subjects  ESS (n=203)  Sleepy (n=203)  Unrested (n=203)  Insufficient sleep (n=203) ** **.706** **.275**.329**1.00 Men  ESS (n=89)  Sleepy (n=89)  Unrested (n=89)  Insufficient sleep (n=89) ** **.717** **.371**1.00 Women  ESS (n=114)  Sleepy (n=114)  Unrested (n=114)  Insufficient sleep (n=114) ** **.699** *.241**.289**1.00 Spearman Correlation Coefficients for ESS, SHHS Somnolence Measures/Insufficient Sleep across Respondents and by Sex Distribution of ESS Scores Stratified by Sex Sleep Characteristics +p<0.10; *p<0.05 Men(n=89)Women(n=114) Epworth Sleepiness Scale > 10 (%)> 10 (%) 7.9 ± (31.5) 6.4 ± 4.7* 22 (19.3)* SHHS SHQ Items  Daytime Sleepiness  Feeling Unrested  Insufficient Sleep  Insomnia Symptoms  Frequent Snoring  Witnessed Apnea  MD diagnosed OSA  Frequent Leg Cramps  Take Pills to Sleep 9 (10.1) 22 (24.7) 32 (36.0) 30 (33.7) 34 (38.2) 9 (10.1) 3 (3.4) 2 (2.2) 3 (3.3) 13 (11.4) 24 (21.1) 35 (30.7) 31 (27.2)* 29 (25.4)* 2 (1.8)* (5.3) 5 (4.4) Sleep Characteristics by Sex (N = 203)