The War for Europe And North Africa Chapter 17 Section 2

Making Plans U.S. and Britain join forces Churchill calls for immediate conference Agree that Germany & Italy are bigger threat than Japan Roosevelt & Churchill form a lasting bond

Battle of the Atlantic German’s launch major attack against U.S. merchant ships Cut off the 3,000 mile trek from U.S. to Britain 1942, Germans sink 681 Allied ships Allies organize convoys; escorted by destroyers & airplanes Radar and sonar help detect U-boats 1943 Germans losing more than they can build; U.S. building at record pace

Battle of Atlantic

Battle of Stalingrad Germans vs. Soviets; June – Nov Stopped by the winter. Spring, ready to advance Head for Stalingrad; nightly bombing raids Soviet officers suggest retreat; Stalin forbids Take most of the city- then winter came Turn the tide; Soviets use winter to regroup Trap Germans in city, cut off supplies; Hitler won’t retreat. Surrender 1/31/1943; high soviet casualties (1 million +)

Stalingrad

North Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower leads Allied troops into Axis controlled N. Africa Nov land in Casablanca, Oran, Algiers 107,000 troops Chase Afrika Korps led by Rommel (desert fox) German forces surrender in May 1943

The Italian Campaign Roosevelt & Churchill meet in Casablanca, agree only to unconditional surrender. Go after Italy; attack Sicily 1943 Italian govt. shocked at collapse of army; force Mussolini to resign Hitler comes after Allies in Italy; “Bloody Anzio”. Italy remains up until Germany surrender

“Bloody Anzio”

D-Day “Operation Overlord” headed by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (“Ike”) Gather 3 million men to attack Normandy in N. France Send fake messages about attack 150 miles away; fool the Germans Attack happens June 6, 1944 Air drops behind the lines, sea attacks along the coast

Dday

Making progress Heavy casualties suffered on the beach but hold 80 miles of coastline A million troops and tons of supplies to reach France Omar Bradley leads offensive; breaks the German George Patton and his men get through to Paris September 1944, freed France, Belgium & Luxembourg

Generals Bradley Patton Both Generals visiting liberated camp

Battle of the Bulge Americans move into Germany; Hitler’s last offensive Hopes to break supply lines, split allied troops German tanks push Allied lines 60 miles, creates “bulge” in the line Lasts a month, Germans pushed back Germans lose too many tanks, planes & men to recover; begin retreat

Liberation & Surrender Americans & Soviets push through Germany and Poland; come upon death camps Soviets march into Berlin, April 25, 1945 Hitler marries & commits suicide in underground bunker Blames Jews for the war, generals for failure May 8, 1945, Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender by Third Reich Celebrated as V-E Day (victory in Europe)

Victory in Europe Celebrating in Times Square Signing the surrender

New Administration 1944 FDR elected into unheard of 4 th term as President Dies before V-E Day, April 12, 1945 in Warm Springs, GA Harry Truman (VP) will take over, finish the war in the Pacific