John Crowe Ransom (1888 – 1974) 영문학부 강윤주

John Crowe Ransom (1888, Pulaski, TennesseePulaski, Tennessee – 1974, Gambier, Ohio)Gambier, Ohio AmericanAmerican poet, essayist, magazine editor, and professor.poet 미국의 시인, 에세이작가, 잡지 편집장, 교수

- 감리교 목사의 네 자녀 중 셋째, 문학적 소양이 깊은 가족들 - 5 권의 주요 시집, 4 권의 에세이, 3 권의 문집 편집. 글쓰기에 관한 책 출간. A College Primer of Writing (1943) - 15 살에 Vanderbilt University 에 입학, 1909 년 수석 졸업 - Taylorsville, Mississippi 에서 6,7 학년을 교수. Lewisburg, Tennessee 에서 Latin, Greek 교수 - Rhodes Scholar 수여. - Oxford University's Christ Church, 1910–13, where he read "Greats", - Hotchkiss School 1 년 교수후, 1914 년, Vanderbilt University 영문과 교수 임 용 - 제 1 차 세계대전, 프랑스에서 포병장교로 근무 년, Robb Reavill 과 결혼, 3 명의 자녀

- In 1937, Kenyon College in Ohio - founding editor of the Kenyon Review, - In 1966, the American Academy of Arts and Letters 세기 미국 인문계 대학교 교수들 중 동료들, 그의 특별한 제자들 Donald Davidson, Randall Jarrell, Robert Lowell, Andrew Lytle, Allen Tate, Peter Taylor, Robie Macauley, Robert Penn Warren, E.L. Doctorow, Cleanth Brooks, Richard M. Weaver, and Constantinos Patrides John Crowe Ransom with Robie Macauley (left) at the The Kenyon Review in Photo by Thomas Greenslade. 존 크로우 랜섬과 로비 맥캐울리 ( 왼쪽 ) 1959 년 케년 리뷰에서.

Poet 시인 - fugitives( 남부지방 문학그룹, 16 명의 작가, 워크샵 ) 의 초기 멤버 included Donald Davidson, Allen Tate, and Robert Penn Warren. - 철학에 관심. John Dewey and American pragmatism) 시 쓰기 시작. Poems about God (1919), Robert Frost, Robert Graves 의 찬사. - The Fugitive Group 은 Modernist poetry 에 특별히 관심. The Fugitive 창간. 특히 미국 남부의 모더니스트 시들 - editors Richard Ellmann, Robert O'Clair the most remarkable," characterizing his poetry as "quirky" and "at times eccentric.“ -Chills and Fever (1924) and Two Gentlemen in Bonds (1927) -1916~1927 출간, 그 후 수정, 정정 년에는 시인들과 비평가들과 랜섬의 제자, Randall Jarrell 랜섬의 시들을 찬사하는 에세이를 발행

Ransom's poetry: In John Crowe Ransom's best poems every part is subordinated to the whole, and the whole is accomplished with astonishing exactness and thoroughness. Their economy, precision, and restraint gives the poems, sometimes, an original yet impersonal perfection...And sometimes their phrasing is magical--light as air, soft as dew, the real old-fashioned enchantment. The poems satisfy our nostalgia for the past, yet themselves have none. They are reports..of our world's old war between power and love, between those who efficiently and practically know and those who are "content to feel/ What others understand." And these reports of battles are, somehow, bewitching...Ransom's poems profess their limitations so candidly, almost as a principle of style, that it is hardly necessary to say they are not poems of the largest scope or the greatest intensity. But they are some of the most original poems ever written, just as Ransom is one of the best, most original, and most sympathetic poets alive; it is easy to see that his poetry will always be cared for, since he has written poems that are perfectly realized and occasionally almost perfect."

- The Bollingen Prize for Poetry in His 1963 Selected Poems received the National Book Award - Ransom primarily wrote short poems examining the ironic and unsentimental of life (with domestic life in the American South being a major theme). - "Janet Waking", which "mixes modernist with old-fashioned country rhetoric." - A strict formalist, using both regular rhyme and meter, archaic diction. - Ellman and O'Clair note that "[Ransom] defends formalism because he sees in it a check on bluntness, on brutality. Without formalism, he insists, poets simply rape or murder their subjects."

Criticism 비평 - A leading figure of the school of literary criticism known as the New Criticism, which gained its name from his 1941 volume of essays The New Criticism. - Middle 20th century, emphasized close reading, and criticism based on the texts - In his seminal 1937 essay, "Criticism, Inc." Ransom laid out his ideal form of literary criticism stating that, "criticism must become more scientific, or precise and systematic.“ - poem as an aesthetic object. -Allen Tate, Cleanth Brooks, and Robert Penn Warren, developing many of the key concepts (like "close reading") that later came to define the New Criticism.

Agrarian theorist 농업의 이론가 - In 1930, Ransom along with 11 other Southern Agrarians published the conservative, Agrarian manifesto I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition - Ransom's contribution to I'll Take My Stand is his essay "Reconstructed but Unregenerate" which starts the book and lays out the Southern Agrarians' basic argument. In various essays influenced by his Agrarian - the manifesto's assertion that modern industrial capitalism was a dehumanizing force that the South should reject in favor of an agrarian economic model - the late 1930s he began to distance himself from the movement, and in 1945, he publicly criticized it.

John Crowe Ransom teaching class at Kenyon College in Photo by C. Cameron Macauley 년 캐년 대학에서의 존크로우 랜섬 교수 참고자료 Wikipedia