China and India Ch 18 sec 3

I. China Reforms Its Economy, but Limits Freedoms After Mao Zedong died in 1976 new, more moderate leaders took over and started to modernize the economy. Private ownership of businesses started, large communal farms were broken up and plots given to peasant families, but they did not own the land.

I. China Reforms Its Economy, but Limits Freedoms The farmers had to give a part of what they grew to the government, but could keep the rest and sell the surplus for a profit. Factories were given freedom to operate how they saw fit, as long as they continued to be efficient.

I. China Reforms Its Economy, but Limits Freedoms China also welcomed foreign investors and technology to increase production and economic growth. The Chinese began to buy more products and acquire wealth. The rural farmers were still very poor and have not benefited from the economic boom in the past 2 decades.

I. China Reforms Its Economy, but Limits Freedoms The economic freedoms granted by the government did not extend into politics. The government was still Communist and did not move any closer to democracy. There were many demonstrations in the 1980’s, with the biggest in May of Thousands packed into Tiananmen Square in Beijing, but the government sent in tanks and killed or wounded thousands of the demonstrators.demonstrations

II. China Faces Continuing Challenges Even though the economy has been growing at a huge rate for the past 30 years, there are a number of problems that have not gone away. The population growth has been constant, with the number over 1.3 billion. The government issued a one child policy to limit the growth, but rural families continued to have more to help on the farms.

II. China Faces Continuing Challenges Another problem came from the crowds that moved into the cities for jobs at factories. There were not enough places to live, and services that were needed were only provided to the wealthy. Pollution and disease spread throughout the urban areas.

II. China Faces Continuing Challenges The government continued to crack down on political opponents, jailing them and not responding to calls for reform. China’s human rights violations were a huge topic during the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. China basically told the rest of the world to stay out of their business.

III. India Builds Its Economy India is close to China in population and since its independence in 1947 has tried to improve its economy. India has used modern technology to expand its industry and agriculture. It has not worked out as well, since the country must import all its natural gas and oil, which are essential for industries.

III. India Builds Its Economy Farmers with enough money could use new technology and methods to produce more food. The poor farmers still barely produce enough to survive. The government controlled many industries, but they began to allow private ownership. Many industries began to improve, especially the technical support service industry.

III. India Builds Its Economy India’s population growth has hindered efforts to improve living conditions. Food output has not kept up with population growth, and more than a third of the population lives below the poverty line. The healthcare system can’t keep up with the demand for services, and police and emergency systems can’t either.

III. India Builds Its Economy The increase in population and the improvement in farming methods forced many poor farmers to move to cities to look for work. People like Mother Teresa tried to help the poor in the large cities, but the charities aren’t able to help everyone or change the condition of many people.

III. India Builds Its Economy It just did, like poof its here! Bam, boom, bang, here’s the economy. (From my son, don’t write this down.) The caste system has prevented large groups of people from ever improving their lives. Discrimination and prejudice still separate the lower caste groups from jobs and opportunities, even though the government has tried to end the segregation.

III. India Builds Its Economy Women’s rights were guaranteed under the new constitution. But those rights have only helped the wealthy, who have access to education and good jobs. The poor have little to no education, and are expected to work for their families without pay. The poor have started to fight for more opportunities.

In your notebooks Make an advertisement to entice foreign investment in either India or China. The advertisement should explain why their country is the best fit for them. Use pictures to illustrate the benefits of investing in their country. Full page.