A Short History of Astronomy Ancient (before 500 BC) Egyptians, Babylonians, Mayans, Incas, Chinese Classical Antiquity (500 BC-500 AD) Greeks, Romans:

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Presentation transcript:

A Short History of Astronomy Ancient (before 500 BC) Egyptians, Babylonians, Mayans, Incas, Chinese Classical Antiquity (500 BC-500 AD) Greeks, Romans: Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy Middle Ages ( AD) Arabic astronomers Renaissance ( AD) Copernicus Baroque ( AD) Brahe, Kepler, Galilei, Newton

Ancient Astronomy Stonehenge, England Pyramids, Gizeh near Cairo, Egypt

“Strange” motion of the Planets Planets usually move from W to E relative to the stars, but sometimes strangely turn around in a loop, the so called retrograde motion. (Explanation: next lecture!)

Retrograde Motion

Ptolemy (~140 AD) Puts forth a complete geocentric model dominates scientific thought during the Middle Ages Longest lasting (wrong) theory ever: 1000yrs Major Work: Almagest

Epicycles Ptolemy’s explanation of retrograde motion About 40(!) epicycles necessary to explain all observations  complicated theory

Nicolas Copernicus (1473–1543) Rediscovers the heliocentric model of Aristarchus  BOOKS! Planets on circles  needs 48(!!) epicycles to explain different speeds of planets Not more accurate than Ptolemy Major Work : De Revolutionibus Orbium Celestium (published posthumously)