Content Obj: Describe the social and economic effects in the factories Read like a Historian Content Obj: Describe the social and economic effects in the factories Language Obj: Students will read opposing views, discuss main ideas, and record key vocabulary

Essential Question How do you make sense of contrasting accounts of historical events? What makes one source more reliable than another? How does corroborating information across sources help confirm or discredit historical accounts? How to engage in questions to evaluate and compare different types of primary source documents with different perspectives on working conditions in English textile factories at the beginning of the 19th century.

Opposing Views Break into groups of four Read the four different accounts and answer the guided reading questions in your notebook Be prepared to share your responses

Document A: Dr. Ward (Sourcing) Why is Dr. Ward being interviewed by the House of Lords Committee? (Close Reading) What does he mean when he refers to factories as “nurseries of disease and vice”? (Close Reading) What evidence does Dr. Ward use to back his claim that factories were unhealthy and unsafe for children?

Document B: Dr. Holme (Sourcing/Corroboration) How is the source information for this document similar to and different from document A? (Close reading) What evidence does Dr. Holme use to back his claim about the health of children in factories? Do you think this is convincing evidence? (Close reading) Why might it matter that Mr. Pooley asked Dr. Holme to examine the children at his factory?   Which document, A or B, do you think is more trustworthy? Why?

Document C: John Birley (Sourcing) What type of document is this? When was it written? (Sourcing) How old was John Birley when this account was published? (Corroboration) Which document, A or B, does this account more closely match? How? (Close reading) Why did John Birley not tell the truth about life working in the mill to the inspectors?

Document D: Edward Baines (Sourcing) Who wrote this article? When was it written? (Sourcing) Why did Baines write this article? (Close reading) What does he mean in the second paragraph, when he states, “But abuse is the exception not the rule”? (Close reading) What is Baines’ main point in the final paragraph? (Corroboration) Which document, A or B, does this account more closely match How?   Who do you think is a more trustworthy source, Birley or Baines? Why?

Argumentative graphic org Were textile factories bad for public health? Make a claim Support claim with three different facts/ quotes Bring up the counterclaim

Ticket out the Door: Text home Hi Mom/ Dad / Guardian, I wanted to text you and let you know we have parent teacher conferences tomorrow. Mr. Stearns will be there from 6:00-8:00 due to track practice

Industrialization changes life Setting the stage Led to better quality of life for most in the beginning but with massive human suffering Pros vs. Cons New jobs pollution higher wages unhealthy working conditions Heat homes child labor Buy clothes class tensions Buy food

Industrialization changes life Change in life Move from rural areas to cities early 1800’s Caused by growth of factories Rapid population change 1800 – 1850 European cities of 100,000 inhabitants rose from 22 to 47 Urbanization – the growth of cities and the migration of people to them It made population grow faster than housing supply

Factories and industrial centers Factories built close together Built near sources of energy Coal and water Factors of productions- land, labor, and capital London Most important city Large labor pool Population - 1 million

Factories/ Industrial Centers Birmingham and Sheffield Iron smelting centers Leeds and Manchester Textile manufactories Liverpool and Manchester Center of Britain's cotton industry Manchester grows 45,000 in 1760 to 300,000 by 1850

Population Growth Graph

Living Conditions Grew so fast: No development plans or sanitary codes Lacked adequate Housing Education Police protection Unpaved street filled with garbage and no drains Illness caused by living conditions contributed to the shorter lifespan of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country Cholera 1842 life span 17 yrs compared to 38 in the country Elbow Buddy: Ask your neighbor how the living conditions would have been in your Growing Pains city?

Elizabeth Gaskeel You went down one step even from the foul area into the cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window-panes many of them were broken and stuffed with rags….the smell was so foul as almost to knock the two men down…. They began to penetrate the thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay wet brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up.

Visit to London Reading

Working conditions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_5bZwNicvY 14 hrs a day 6 days a week sim to farm workers No change with season like farms: Repetitious Dangerous Boilers explode and Belts catch limbs Few had adequate light Coal mines 10 yr shorter life span incredibly dangerous Women and children – cheap labor

Class Tensions Though most were improvised the IR created great wealth Middle class: social class made up of skilled workers, professional, business people With new wealth they welded political and social power Working class: day laborers/ factory workers Put out of work due to machine production

Letter Home Activity Based on the excerpt and the information discussed in class. Write a letter home as if you were a young boy or girl working in the textile mills or in the coal mines. Describe the working conditions, the hours, what you feel, what you see. The letter should be written from your personal point of view. Must include vocabulary and specifics of conditions

Quick-Write What can be done to reduce child labor and unsafe working conditions today? http://www.unicef.org.nz/page/139/Whatcanbedoneaboutit.html Extra Credit: List 2 things you can do to reduce child labor