Digestive System A&P Created by Ashley Berryhill

Digestive System  AKA gastrointestinal system or ____________________  Function  Function=responsible for the __________ & ___________breakdown of food so it can be taken into _________________ & be used by body cells & tissues  Structures  Structures=divided into _____________ canal & _________________organs

Alimentary Canal  Long muscular tube  Includes: 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 6. ______________________

1. Mouth  Mouth=__________________  Where food enters body, is _______, broken down __________by ________, lubricated & partially digested by_________, & _______________________  __________ ___________________  __________=structures that physically break down food by ____________ & ____________ in a process called ___________________

1. Mouth  _____________  _____________=muscular organ, contains taste buds which allow for________, __________, __________, & ___________ sensations  Tongue also aids in ____________ & ____________________

1. Mouth  _________  _________=bony structure, forms ______ of mouth, separates __________ from _________ ______________  ________ palate  ________ palate=behind hard palate; separates ________ from _______________  Uvula  Uvula=cone-shaped muscular structure, hangs from middle of ______ palate; ____________ food from entering ___________________ during swallowing

1. Mouth  _________________  _________________=___ pairs (parotid, sublingual, & submandibular); produce saliva  __________  __________=liquid that ___________ mouth during speech & chewing, ____________ food so it can be swallowed  Salivary amylase  Salivary amylase=_________ ________(substance that speeds up a chemical reaction) starts the ____________ breakdown of carbohydrates (_____________) into _______________

2. Pharynx  Bolus  Bolus=chewed ________ mixed with ________  Pharynx  Pharynx=_________; tube that carries __________ & ____________  Air goes to ____________; food goes to __________________  When bolus is swallowed, _______________ covers ___________ which stops bolus from entering respiratory tract and makes it go into esophagus

3. Esophagus  Esophagus  Esophagus=muscular tube __________ to _______________  Receives ________ from _____________& carries it to _____________ _____________  Uses _____________ (rhythmic, wavelike, involuntary muscular movement) to move food in a _______________ direction

4. Stomach  Enlarged part of ____________________  Receives food from __________________  ____________  ____________=folds of the mucous membrane lining of the ________________  Rugae flatten out and disappear as stomach ____________ with food & ______________

4. Stomach  _____________ Sphincter  _____________ Sphincter-circular muscle between ____________ & _____________; closes after food enters stomach to _________ food from going back up into ______________  ______________ Sphincter  ______________ Sphincter-between ______________ and _______ intestine, keeps food in __________ until food is ready to enter ____________ intestine

4. Stomach  Food stays in stomach ___________ hrs  While in the stomach, ____________ ____________convert food into a semifluid=________________ _________________ _____________  Gastric juices are made by __________ in the stomach and contain _________________ and _____________

4. Stomach  ____________________  ____________________-kills bacteria, helps ________ absorption, & activates the enzyme _____________ ____________ ___________ ______________  Gastric juice ____________ include ___________and ______________  _______________  _______________-starts the ___________ breakdown of _______________  ___________  ___________-starts ____________digestion

5. Small Intestine  ___________ intestine  ___________ intestine=____________ section of _________________ canal, about 20 ft. long and 1” in diameter  ___________ leaves ___________and enters ____________ intestine  Sm intestine is divided into 3 sections:_______________, _______________, _________________

5. Small Intestine ______________ ____________  Sm intestine produces ______________ ____________that break down food  Digestion is ______________ in sm intestine  Products of digestion are absorbed into __________________ for use by body cells ___________  __________ of sm intestine are lined with ___________  Villi  Villi=fingerlike projections containing ________________& ________________

5. Small Intestine  ______________ absorb the digested nutrients & carry them to the _________  _____________ absorb digested fats and carry them to the _________________ duct  When food has completed its way through the ______intestine, only __________, indigestible materials, & __________ ____________ is left

Intestinal Juices 5. Sm Intestine-Intestinal Juices  ___________, __________, ____________  ___________, __________, ____________=enzymes that break down ___________ into simpler forms  _______________  _______________=enzymes that complete the digestion of ________________  __________ (lipase)  __________ (lipase)=enzyme that aids in the digestion of ____________

5. Small Intestine-____________  1 st 9-10 inches of the ________ intestine  _________ _____________ __________  _________ (from gallbladder and liver) and _____________ __________enter ______________ through _____________ or tubes

5. Small Intestine-__________  Next 8 ft.  _____________ section of the sm intestine

5. Small Intestine-________  ___________ 12 ft.  Connects with _______ intestine at cecum  ___________ Valve  ___________ Valve= circular muscle, separates __________ & cecum; ________________ food from returning to ________________

6. Large Intestine  _________ section of the _______________ canal  About 5 ft long, 2 inches in diameter

6. Large Intestine  Functions: 1) _________ 1) _________ water & any remaining nutrients 2) _________ 2) _________ indigestible materials before they are eliminated from the body 3) ______________________ 3) __________ (formation) & ____________ some B vitamins & vitamin K 4) _____________ 4) _____________ waste out of the alimentary canal

6. Large Intestine  Divided into a series of connected sections ___________  _____ section=___________  Cecum  Cecum connects to _______ of sm intestine and contains _______________ ________________ (small projection)  ______ section=____________  Colon  Colon has _____ divisions

6. Large Intestine  Divisions of the colon: 1. _______________ ________________ 1. _______________ ________________ =continues up on the _______ side of the body from the cecum to the lower part of the liver

6. Large Intestine  Divisions of the colon: 2. _________________ _________________ 2. _________________ _________________ =extends across the abd, below the liver & stomach & above the sm intestine

6. Large Intestine  Divisions of the colon: 2. _________________ _________________ 2. _________________ _________________ =extends down the _____ side of the body, connects with sigmoid colon

6. Large Intestine  Divisions of the colon: 2. _________________ _________________ 2. _________________ _________________ =S-shaped section that joins with the rectum

6. Large Intestine  Divisions of the colon: 2. ___________ anal canal ________ stool 2. ___________=final 6-8 inches; storage area for indigestibles & wastes. It has a narrow canal (anal canal) which opens at a _________ called the ________ where fecal material (stool) is expelled. _______ is the ____________ _________ product of digestion

Accessory Organs  Include: 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

1. Liver  Largest _______________ in the body  Located in __________ diaphragm, in ____________of ____________ ___________  Secretes ___________ into _______ intestine  Bile  Bile=__________ that _____________ (physically breaks down) ___________ & makes them water soluble

1. Liver _____________  Stores __________ in the form of _____________  ____________  ____________ is ________________ to ________________ & _______________ into blood when additional sugar is needed __________________________  Stores ____________ & ______________ ____________  Produces ____________ (_______________ clotting of blood)

1. Liver  _______________  _______________ blood proteins fibrinogen & prothrombin (aid in clotting)  _______________  _______________ cholesterol  _______________  _______________ (renders harmless) substances like alcohol & pesticides  ________________  ________________ bacteria have been taken into the blood from the intestine

2. Gallbladder  Small, muscular sac located __________ the liver  Attached to liver by ________________tissue  _____________, _____________, & concentrates ____________  _____________, _____________, & concentrates ____________ from liver _________ duct _______________ duct  When bile is needed, gallbladder _____________ & ___________ bile through the _________ duct into the _______________ duct which ______________ into the __________________

4. Pancreas  Glandular organ located ____________ the stomach _________________ juices ______________  Produces _________________ juices which contain ______________ to ______________ food _________________duct  Juices enter _________________ through the _________________duct

4. Pancreas  Pancreatic enzymes: 1. ___________ (Amylopsin) 1. ___________ (Amylopsin)=breaks down ________ 2. Trypsin & Chymotrypsin 2. Trypsin & Chymotrypsin=breaks down ____________ 3. ____________ (Steapsin) 3. ____________ (Steapsin)=breaks down ___________ __________  Pancreas also produces __________ which is secreted into the __________________  ___________  ___________ regulates the _______________ (burning) of _________________ to convert ________________ (blood sugar) to ________________