The Highway Transportation System North Dakota Driver Risk Prevention Curriculum Guide Developed by North Dakota Driver and Traffic Safety Education Association Funded by The North Dakota Department of Transportation Developed by North Dakota Driver and Traffic Safety Education Association Funded by The North Dakota Department of Transportation

COMPLEX INTERACTION ► 205,000,000 Licensed Drivers –All Ages and Levels of Performance Ability –Various Experience Levels ► 247,000,000 + Motor Vehicles –Various Levels of Maintenance & Performance –Cars, Trucks, Buses, RVs, Motorcycles Defining the HTS VEHICLE HUMAN HIGHWAY

Defining the HTS (continued) 4,048,518 + Miles of Roadway Rural Roadways, Urban Streets, Limited Access Highways with Various Traffic Conditions & Maintenance 3,049,027,000,000 Actual Vehicle Miles Traveled

3 Parts of the HTS   People People use the HTS by walking, driving, or riding   Vehicles From bicycles, cars and SUV’s to tractor- trailer rigs   Roadways From smallest dirt road to most complex multilane expressways All signs signals and markings

Purpose of the HTS Safe and efficient movement of people and goods from one place to another

Regulations of the HTS   The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act requires automakers to build certain safety features such as safety belts and shatterproof windows into vehicles. It also requires manufacturers to correct defects discovered after vehicles are sold.   The National Highway Safety Act establishes specific guidelines for state motor vehicle safety programs.   States, cities and towns pass regulations that must be obeyed within their limits (for example, right turn on red okay except where expressly prohibited).

Nature of the Driving Task Driving is a social task   A person maneuvering a vehicle through traffic and varying road conditions   Drivers must interact well with others also using the HTS

Nature of the Driving Task (continued) Good driving requires making good choices/decisions   Involves sound judgment, based on learning, to anticipate what could happen   Involves accurate perception, being able to know how to view/look at traffic scenes   Involves knowledge and understanding of what to do to be a safe and efficient user of the HTS

Breakdowns in HTS Breakdowns   Person, vehicle or roadway failures   Cause serious social and economic problems

American Driving Culture Deaths 37,261 Injuries 2,346,000 Property Damage 4,146,000 LER Crashes 5,811,000 Unreported Crashes Close Calls Stressful Situations High Risk Driver Behaviors “Not Everything That Counts Can Be Counted” - Albert Einstein 205 Million Licensed Drivers 10 NHTSA 2008

The Top Eleven Driving Errors Not attending to the path of travel Driving five or more mph too fast for conditions Driving too fast through a curve Inadequate search at an intersection and thus pulling in front of cross traffic Lack of attention at an intersection and being struck by another driver

6. 6. Improper evasive action—Ex: quick turn not executed properly Failure to maintain visual lead Failure to see action developing at side of the roadway Following too closely Willfully taking right-of-way Distraction Preliminary TRB Report-1999 The Top Eleven Driving Errors