Pharmacobotany II. Practice 2. Phylum: SPERMATOPHYTA Subph.: CONIFEROPHYTINA (CONIFERS) Familia: Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo family.

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Presentation transcript:

Pharmacobotany II. Practice 2

Phylum: SPERMATOPHYTA Subph.: CONIFEROPHYTINA (CONIFERS) Familia: Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo family

Ginkgo biloba – ginkgo / maidenhair tree

Ginkgo biloba ginkgo ginkgetin, ginkgolide stimulates blood circulation in brain

Ginkgo and Zsolnay

Classis: CONIFEROPSIDA Familia: Cupressaceae Cypress family

Biota orientalis oriental arborvitae Subf.: Thujoideae

Biota orientalis – oriental arborvitae essential oil, ! contact dermatitis, allergy

Thuja occidentalis eastern arborvitae

Classis: CONIFEROPSIDA Ordo: Coniferales (Pinales) Familia: Abietaceae (Pinaceae) – Pine family

Pinus sylvestris – Scots pine

Pinus sylvestris

Pinus sylvestris inflorescences male/staminate female/pistillate essential oil, resin, shoot tips, leaves

Pinus sylvestris - saccate pollen pollen saccus

Pinus sylvestris : resin duct

Pinus nigra – European black pine

Pinus nigra saccate pollen

Pinus nigra needle cross-section shizogenous resin duct vascular bundle xeromorphic stoma

GYMNOSPERMSANGIOSPERMS Stem: woodyherbaceous or woody Homoxylous wood: only tracheids Heteroxylous wood: tracheids + tracheas Phloem: sieve cellssieve tubes Flowers: separate male/staminate and female/pistillate flowers usually bisexual (staminate and pistillate structures in 1 flower) Perianth: often reduced or missing calyx + corolla OR perigonium (tepals) Pollination: by windby insects (birds, bats etc.) Pollen deposited on ovuledeposited on stigma Nutritive tissue: endospermendosperm + cotyledons Cotyledons: variable (2-24)1 (monocots) or 2 (dicots)

Subphylum: ANGIOSPERMATOPHYTINA Angiosperms Classis: I. Dicotyledonopsida II. Monocotyledonopsida

Classis: I. Dicotyledonopsida Ranunculaceae - buttercup family

Ranunculaceae Flower: Ca 5 Co 5 A  G  Ca = calyx Co = corolla A = androeceum G = gynoeceum → fruit: aggregate of achenes P 3+3 A  G  P = perigonium

Clematis vitalba old man's beard

protoanemonin Fruit: aggregate of achenes Clematis vitalba

leaf Palisad parenchyma 2. Spongious parenchyma

Ficaria verna lesser celandine

Ficaria verna root rhizodermis cortex stele with vascular elements

Familia: Helleboraceae Hellebore family Fruit: aggregate of follicles Helleborus sp.: bufadienolide type cardiac glycosides

Helleborus odorus fragrant hellebore

© Hatvani Helleborus odorus aggregate of follicles

Consolida regalis larkspur

Caltha palustris marsh marigold

Nigella damascena

Ordo: Aristolochiales Familia: Aristolochiaceae Birthwort family aristolochic acid previously: immune stimulant, ! carcinogenic

Aristolochia clematitis European birthwort

Aristolochia clematitis – European birthwort zigomorphic flowers

Aristolochia clematitis

Aristolochia stem

Aristolochia vascular bundle collateral open bundle

© Papp ( Asarum europaeum - European wild ginger

Asarum europaeum stem

Asarum europaeum European wild ginger Populations: chemical composition of essential oil differs: proportion of phenylpropans and sesquiterpenes chemical varieties = chemovarietas