Injury Assessment 1 Sports Medicine

Daily Objectives 2 Content Objectives Learn how to conduct an injury assessment. Understand what effects the severity of an injury. Language Objectives Read assigned portion of text. Copy important vocabulary words.

Pace Lap 3 Where should you place the pads for the AED? 5 minutes

Vocabulary Assignment Copy the following definitions on the note cards that are provided. Assessment Diagnosis Anthropomorphic data Mechanism of Force Palpation Active Motion Passive Motion Functional activity Sports Specific Activity Ligamentous Laxity 4

Injury Assessment Assessment The orderly collection of objective and subjective data on the athletes health status. Objective Data Information that can be visually observed by the examiner during the assessment and physical examination. Swelling Discoloration Subjective Data Information that is verbally collected from the athlete during the assessment. It hurts right here !! I rolled my ankle!! It is killing me !!! 5

Scenario Assignment You are covering a high school baseball game when the 165 pound junior center fielder falls to the ground trying to catch a fly ball. During your assessment you notice that the athlete is holding his R. Knee in a guarded (bent) position. He states that when he turned to run after the ball he felt a “pop” in his knee. He also states that his knee hurts all over. There is noticeable swelling right away, and when you walk him off of the field you also see that he is limping. 6

Injury Diagnosis Diagnosis Using information from the assessment and physical examination to determine the nature, cause, and extent of the athletes injury. Can only be made by a licensed health care provider. Examples Torn ACL Dislocated Elbow 1 st Degree Ankle Sprain 7

Factors that Influence The Injury Anthropomorphic Data Age, Weight, Gender, Structure, etc… Mechanism of Force All energies involved at the time of impact, including the direction, intensity, duration, activity, and position of the body and body part. Speed The greater the speed of the collision or force the greater the chance of injury. Remember The First Law of Thermodynamics Energy can not be created or destroyed. 8

Factors that Influence The Injury Protective Equipment Was there any protective equipment worn? Did it fit properly? Skill Level Beginners are at a greater risk of being injured, especially when they are competing against someone with more experience. Example Varsity vs. JV 9

Injury Assessment Two Phases Primary Injury Survey Check for life threatening conditions. Secondary injury Survey A thorough medical evaluation of an athletes overall health to reveal any injuries beyond the initial injury. 10

Primary Survey Checking for any injuries that may be life threatening. A,B,C’s Airway Breathing Circulation In the event of a life threatening emergency EMS should be activated immediately. Examples No Breathing Chest Pains that do not go away Unconsciousness Uncontrollable Bleeding 11

Secondary Injury Survey A thorough medical evaluation of an athletes overall health to reveal any injuries beyond the initial injury. Only to be completed after a life threatening condition has been ruled out. HOPS History Observation Palpation Special Test 12

Assignment Read page 193 – 195 and answer the following questions. 1. What information should be obtained during the history portion of the exam? 2. What three things should specifically look for during the observation portion of the exam? 3. Define palpation. 4. During the observation and palpation portions of the exam which side should be examined first? (The injured side or uninjured side) Why??? 13

History Do not touch the athlete until questions have been asked. Questions What happened? When did it occur? What factors influenced the injury? (Pg. 193) Did you hear an abnormal sound? (pop, snap, rip) Where is your pain located? (Use one finger to point) 0-10 pain scale (Pg194) Is there any numbness or altered sensations? Does the body part feel unstable Have you ever injured this body part before? 14

Observation Observe the uninjured side first!!!! Look for any obvious deformities. Examples Dislocations and/or Fractures Swelling Bleeding Color Changes in Skin Walking patterns Facial Expressions during movement. 15

Palpation The touching of the injured athlete during the examination to determine the extent of the injury. Palpate the uninjured side first. Apply firm pressure to elicit pain. Continue to observe the athletes facial expressions. Palpate one joint above and below the site of injury. Feel for any deformities. Pops, Cracks, Squeeks Palpate all tissues in the area. (Bones, Muscles, Joint Lines, Ligaments, etc..) 16

Pace Lap 17 Please list three things that you would observe for during the observation portion of the secondary assessment. 5 minutes

Reading Assignment Read Pages 196 and 197 and answer the following questions. What is the difference between active range of motion and passive range of motion? What does the term ligamentous laxity mean? When testing an athletes strength which type of muscle contraction should you begin with? Which side of the body should you test for? 18

Special Test Range of Motion Test Active Range of Motion Movement through the range of motion done by the athlete. Passive Range of Motion Movement through the range of motion performed by the examiner. 19

Special Test Ligament Stability Test Specialized test for each joint articulation in the body. These test examine the ligamentous laxity. Ligamentous Laxity: The degree of looseness in the ligaments. Useful to determine the extent of a sprain. Examples Lachmans Test for the ACL Anterior Drawer for the ATFL in the ankle. Valgus Stress Test for the MCL in the Knee or the UCL in the elbow. 20

Special Test Strength Test Also Known as Manual Muscle Test (MMT) Begin with the uninjured side first. Begin with isometric contractions and move to isotonic contractions. Look for weakness and loss of muscle mass. 21

Assignment 22 Take a look on pages 197 and copy the following definitions: Functional Activities Usual activities that the athlete can comfortably perform. Sports Specific Activities Activities that are related to and mimic the athletes specific position and sport KEY CONCEPT Sports specific activities are usually a better predictor of the athletes ability to return to play.

Assignment 23 Read pages regarding the criteria for return to play. Answer the following questions. 1. What are the four return to play criteria? 2. What would it take for someone to meet the full strength criteria? 3. What type of activities should the athlete be able to perform pain free prior to returning to play? 4. Provide three examples of skills performance test for the sport of basketball. 5. Why is it important for the athlete to be emotionally ready prior to returning to play after an injury?

Return to Play Criteria 24 Prior to clearing an athlete to return to play several criteria must be met: They Must: 1. Have full strength 2. Be Free From Pain 3. Pass Skills Performance Test 4. Be Emotionally Ready

Return to Play Criteria 25 Full Strength  The “WHOLE” athlete should be at 100% of the pre-injury strength. Pain Free  The athlete should be without pain while performing the “SKILLS PERFORMANCE TEST”. Skills Performance Test  Sports Specific Activities Emotional Readiness  Athletes must be mentally and emotionally prepared to return to the sport so that they can participate at 100%.  Anything less than 100% places them at risk for a new injury or a re- injury.

Pace Lap 26 ___________ range of motion us movement through the range of motion done by the athlete. ___________ range of motion is movement through the range of motion performed by the examiner. 5 minutes

Pace Lap 27 Please list three factors that influence the severity of an injury. 5 minutes