INFEIONCTION PREVENTION Dr. Rashida abdelfattah University of Khartoum FACULTY OF NURSING SCIENCES

Objectives –Primary objectives  Prevent major infections when providing services  Minimizing the risk of transmitting serious diseases such as hepatitis B HIV/AIDS to the  woman  service providers and the  staff including  house keeping personnel

I C Principles Every person must be considered potentially infectiousEvery person must be considered potentially infectious Hands washing is the most practical procedure for preventing cross contaminationHands washing is the most practical procedure for preventing cross contamination Wear gloves before touching any wet- broken skin, mucus membrane, blood or any body fluidsWear gloves before touching any wet- broken skin, mucus membrane, blood or any body fluids

Use barriers if fluid splashes of body fluids are anticipatedUse barriers if fluid splashes of body fluids are anticipated Use safe practice(avoid needle recapping, proper processing of instruments, and proper disposal of wasteUse safe practice(avoid needle recapping, proper processing of instruments, and proper disposal of waste

Hands washing It is the vigorous rub of hands together with plain or antimicrobial soapIt is the vigorous rub of hands together with plain or antimicrobial soap for15-30 seconds andfor15-30 seconds and Rinse with stream of waterRinse with stream of water

Wash hands Before and after direct contactBefore and after direct contact After exposure to blood or any body fluid even if gloves were wornAfter exposure to blood or any body fluid even if gloves were worn After removal glovesAfter removal gloves

To encourage hands washing Managers should providesManagers should provides  Soap  Continuous supply of clean water  Single use towels Do not use shared towels to dry your Do not use shared towels to dry yourhands  Wash hands in special way before surgical procedures

Gloves and gowns Wear gloves when Wear gloves when  Drawing blood ( exam)  Starting IV infusion ( exam)  Pelvis examination ( exam)  Manual vacuum aspiration (surgical)  Dilatation and curettage (surgical)  Colostomy (surgical)

Procedures need surgical gloves and sterile, disinfected or clean gown  Intra abdominal procedures  Artificial rupture of membrane  Delivery  Instrumental delivery  Episiotomy  Repair of cervical & perineal tear  Manual removal of the placenta &  Correcting uterine inversion

Procedures need utility gloves Procedures need utility gloves Handling and cleaning instruments Handling and cleaning instruments Handling contaminated waste Handling contaminated waste Cleaning blood or body fluid spills Cleaning blood or body fluid spills No need for gloves when o Checking BP or temperature o Giving injection

A separate pair of gloves for each womanA separate pair of gloves for each woman Disposable gloves are preferredDisposable gloves are preferred Where resources are limited, surgical gloves can be reused if they are:Where resources are limited, surgical gloves can be reused if they are:  Decontaminated by soaking in 0.5% chlorine solution for 10 minutes  Washed and rinsed  Sterilized by autoclaving or  high level disinfecting by steaming or boiling (not more than three times)

CLEAN BUT NOT STERILE GLOVES  I f the gown has long sleeves, the gloves should be worn above the gown  Insure that the gloves are held above the wrist

Handling sharp instruments &needles Do not leave sharps in place other than safe zonesDo not leave sharps in place other than safe zones Tell other worker before passing sharpsTell other worker before passing sharps

Hypodermic needles and syringes Use needle and syringe only onceUse needle and syringe only once Do not disassemble needles and syringes after useDo not disassemble needles and syringes after use Do not recap, bend or break the needles prior to disposalDo not recap, bend or break the needles prior to disposal Dispose of needles and syringes in a puncture prove containerDispose of needles and syringes in a puncture prove container Make hypodermic needles unusable by burning themMake hypodermic needles unusable by burning them

When recapping is must Use one hand techniqueUse one hand technique Place the cap on a hard,flat surface Place the cap on a hard,flat surface Hold the syringe with one hand,and use the needle to “scoop up” the cap Hold the syringe with one hand,and use the needle to “scoop up” the cap When the cap cover the needle completely,hold the base of the needle and use the other hand to secure the cap When the cap cover the needle completely,hold the base of the needle and use the other hand to secure the cap

Waste disposal Purposes:  To prevent the spread of infection to the personnel who handle the waste  Prevent the spread of infection to the local community  Protect those who handle waste from injuries

Proper waste handling by Wearing utility glovesWearing utility gloves Transporting solid waste in covered containerTransporting solid waste in covered container Disposing all sharps in puncture proved containerDisposing all sharps in puncture proved container Carefully pouring liquid waste down a drain or flushable toiletCarefully pouring liquid waste down a drain or flushable toilet Burning contaminated soiled wasteBurning contaminated soiled waste Wash hands,gloves, and container after disposal of infectiousWash hands,gloves, and container after disposal of infectious