TOPIC #1 Earth Systems and Resources

Organic Compounds Are the Chemicals of Life  Organic compounds – contain 2 or more C’s ◦ Hydrocarbons ◦ Simple carbohydrates ◦ Macromolecules: 1.Complex carbohydrates 2.Proteins 3.Nucleic acids 4.Lipids  Inorganic compounds – all other compounds

Calcium Carbonate Sulfuric Acid Rain Water,

Example of Ocean-Atmosphere Link  El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): ◦ Occurs in the Pacific Ocean, approximately every 3-7 years ◦ Lasts 1-2 years

Fig. 7-7, p. 145 Prevailing winds: pick up moisture from an ocean. Windward side of a mountain range: air rises, cools, and releases moisture. Rain Shadow Effect Leeward side of the mountain range: air descends, warms, and releases little moisture. Sometimes leads to formation of deserts. Example – Death Valley (in shadow of Mount Whitney)

SOIL TEXTURE  Soil texture is determined by knowing the soil type.  Soil type can be determined by the “feel” method  Soil type is also determined by measuring the amount of:  Clay (smallest particles)  Silt  Sand (largest particles)

Earth’s Water 73% of Earth is covered with water. 98% saltwater 1.7% frozen fresh water 0.3% groundwater, rivers, lakes

Types of Volcanoes Profile of Hawaiian shield volcanoes (Mauna Loa and Kilauea) compared with the profile of Mount Rainier, one of the larger Cascade Range composite volcanoes, drawn at the same scale. SHIELD VOLCANO Lava does not eject violently, but flows over the crater rim, forming a broad, low profile. COMPOSITE VOLCANO Emits a stiff, rapidly solidifying lava, which forms high, steep- sided cones. Cinder Cone Volcano

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