Reasons for Coming 1. Chance to own land & start new life 2. Business - looking for profit 3. Freedom of religion 4. People who were in jail & owed debts became indentured servants: worked several yrs for master who bought his services 5. Africans made slaves

Government  Assemblies: reps. make laws Makes colonies democratic King Governor Assemblies

New England  Mass., R.I., CT., N. H.  Came for religious freedom  Forest & Sea useful resources & way to make living Lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, trade

Middle Colonies  N.Y., N.J., Penn., and Del.  Rich soil for farmers, mountains for lumber & shipbuilding, iron  Represented many cultures & religions

Southern Colonies  MD, VA, NC, SC, GA  Hot wet climate helped grow tobacco, rice, & cash crops (large # to sell)  Created plantations where slaves & indentured servants worked Created abundance of food to go overseas

New England Colonies  Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) – Puritans left Eng. looking to change Church John Winthrop became Governor  Only male 21 yrs. old church going property owners could vote  Boston became largest town  Couldn’t question beliefs or gov. setup

 Connecticut (1662)  Thomas Hooker left Mass. Bay in 1636 b/c gov. had too much power  Settled near Conn. River & built town Hartford  Created Fundamental Orders of Conn. ○ Expanded Representative. gov. Gave vote to all property owners & limited gov’s powers

 Roger Williams left Mass. Colony Wanted separation of church & state Didn’t believe in forcing ppl into religious services  Bought land from N.A. which became Rhode Island (1636)  Had religious tolerance – willingness to let other practice own beliefs. (Protestants, Jews, and Catholics)

The Middle Colonies  Dutch officials gave land grants out Patroons - owners of large estates & had to bring 50 European families  Mainly Protestants but permitted all others for religious freedom  Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to English  Duke of York took control called it New York

 Too large to control so Duke gave land to friends Sir Carteret & Lord Berkeley Created Proprietary Colony: land in return for yearly payment. (Divide land & give to others)  Had fertile farmland & wealth from resources  Diversified population  1702 – made NJ royal colony (direct control of English crown)

 Quakers – Protestants who believed all people were = to God Spoke against war & didn’t serve in army Considered to be wicked in England  William Penn got a charter from King Charles II for proprietor colony called Pennsylvania (1681)  Colony was model of religious freedom & peace Sought fair treatment for N.A.

 Sent pamphlets out describing colony to Europe  Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans) came  Named capital Philadelphia = “brotherly love”  Controlled Lower Counties (Delaware) until 1704 when they would become own colony

The Southern Colonies  Mason-Dixon Line divided Middle & Southern Colonies  Maryland Sir Calvert got colony from King Charles I so Catholics could have religious freedom (Act of Toleration) Lord Baltimore (1634) brought ppl for fishing & tobacco. Also, created assembly & land grants. Fought Indians for land (Bacon’s Rebellion)

 Carolinas North (1712): area for poor & small tobacco farms South (1719): 8 nobles set up settlement known as Charles Town (Charleston) ○ Grew tobacco, rice, and indigo ○ Slaves very popular to do work on plantations & farms (Out# Europeans 2:1)

 Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe founded where debtors could make new start ○ Debtors: ppl owed $ they could not pay back Built settlement at Savannah Grew quickly when allowed large plantations & slavery

Business in the Colonies  Had mercantilism: nation became strong by keeping strict control over trade Had to follow Navigation Acts ○ Only English ships could carry good to/from colonies  Triangular Trade Routes New England Sugar Molasses West Indies Livestock Lumber fish West Africa Rum Guns Tools Slaves