Introduction to phonetics and English phonology: Sentence stress

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to phonetics and English phonology: Sentence stress Uttalslära Introduction to phonetics and English phonology: Sentence stress

What is stress? Word stress is when a syllable in a word is pronounced with more force than the other syllables: Eng•lish, pro•nounce, pro•nun•ci•a•tion.

What is stress? Sentence stress is when one word in a sentence is pronounced with more force than the other words: Did he do that?

Which words are stressed? Rule of thumb: Content words (lexical words) are stressed. Function words are unstressed. In other words: Nouns, adjectives, adverbs, main verbs are stressed. Pronouns, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are unstressed. (This is a general rule.)

Which words are stressed? When a content word doesn’t add new information, it can be unstressed. French is a difficult language. French verbs are particularly difficult.

Stress timing Two types of languages: Syllable timed (e.g. Finnish, French, Spanish) and stress timed (e.g. Swedish, English). In a stress timed language, the perceived length of time between each stressed word is roughly equal.

Stress timing The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.

Stress timing The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.

Stress timing The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.

Stress timing ARRIVING BANFORD STATION SATURDAY NOON. PLEASE MEET. LOVE JANE I shall be arriving at Banford station on Saturday at noon. Please can you meet me? With love from Jane.

Sentence stress vs. strong and weak forms Many function words (e.g. some, and, could, the, him) have strong and weak forms. When the word is unstressed, the weak form is used. Note! All unstressed function words don’t have strong and weak forms.

Thank you for listening!