11.3 Nuclear Fusion and Fission

Nuclear Fission The splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more smaller nuclei. Involves releasing tremendous amounts of heat energy. Uranium-235 is the only rare isotope that can be used in the process of nuclear fission. The chain reaction in nuclear fission can be controlled by regulating the neutron flow.

Nuclear Fission (continued) The equipment used to control nuclear fission is called a nuclear reactor. Production of nuclear power is dangerous because of radiation that can destroy plant and animal cells.

Nuclear Fusion All energy that reaches the earth is produced by nuclear fusion. This process includes the nuclei of smaller atoms combing and forming larger nuclei. One reaction of nuclear fusion occurs when hydrogen nuclei combine and form helium nuclei. The amount of energy available from nuclear fusion would be limitless and less dangerous. This process can only take place above fifteen million degrees Celsius. Scientist are trying to harness nuclear fusion because they want to produce larger amounts of electricity. Before a fusion reactor can be built they must do more extensive research. If this reactor is built hydrogen atoms from the ocean can be used as fuel.

Review 1.What is the naturally occurring element used in nuclear fission? 2.Why is nuclear fission dangerous? 3.Which nuclear reaction does the sun produce? 4.1 0n 1 Q: What would happen if a method was discovered to produce fusion at cooler temperatures?

ANWSERS 1. Uranium Cause dangerous radiation occurs 3. Nuclear fusion