Chapter 14 Nursing and Complementary/ Alternative Treatment Modalities Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practices, 2E

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-2  Alternative therapies are treatment approaches that are not accepted by mainstream medical practice.  Complementary therapies are treatment approaches that can be used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-3 Historical Influences on Contemporary Practices  The ancient Greek culture perceived health as the maintenance of balance in all dimensions of life.  Healing systems from the Far East have integrated mind, body, and spirit into a system of balanced energy between the individual and the universe.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-4  The traditional Chinese healing system is based on the belief in the oneness of all things in nature.  Ayurveda, a healing system based on Hindu and Indian philosophy, embraces the concept of an energy force (chakras) in the body that seeks to maintain balance or harmony.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-5 Shamanistic Tradition  Shamanism refers to the practice of entering altered states of consciousness with the intent of helping others.  A shaman has an extensive knowledge of herbs, is skilled in many forms of healing, and serves as guardian of the spirits.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-6  The shaman’s practice incorporates special objects such as totems, ritual songs, dances, food, and hallucinogenic drugs.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-7 Allopathic Medicine  Western medicine that began approximately 200 years ago  Fundamental principle is that the body and mind are separate entities  Views the human as a collection of separate body parts  Focuses on ridding the body of symptoms induced by disease or injury

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-8 Contemporary Trends  Increasing numbers of consumers are using complementary/alternative medicine (CAM).  In recent years, there has been an increases in sales of herbs and vitamins in the United States.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning 14-9  The U.S. government has established the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM).

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Mind-Body Medicine and Research  Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the complex relationship between the cognitive, affective, and physical aspects of humans.  The intermeshed complex system of psyche and body chemistry is now referred to as the bodymind.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Holism and Nursing Practice  Holism refers to the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.  Mind and body are one, not separate.  People are responsible for their own choices.  People have the power to solve their own problems.  Well-being is multifaceted: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning The Nature of Healing  Healing is not the same as curing; it is a process that activates the individual’s healing forces from within.  As a healing facilitator, the nurse enters into a relationship with the client.  The nurse can be a guide, change agent or instrument of healing.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Nurse as Instrument of Healing  The objective is to help clients call forth their inner resources for healing.  The nurse must develop the following attributes Knowledge base Intentionality Respect for differences Ability to model wellness

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Alternative/Complementary Interventions  Mind-body self-regulatory techniques Hypnosis Imagery Biofeedback Meditation Relaxation

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Body-movement manipulation strategies Movement and exercise - yoga, tai chi Chiropractic

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Energetic-touch healing Touch Therapeutic massage Therapeutic touch Healing touch Shiatsu acupressure Acupuncture Reflexology

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Spiritual therapies Faith healing Healing prayer

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Nutritional therapies Nutraceuticals Antioxidants Macrobiotic diet Herbal therapy

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Other methodologies Aromatherapy Humor Pet therapy Music therapy

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning Nursing and Alternative/ Complementary Approaches  Education is a major function of nursing and is needed as consumers try to determine which CAM methods to use.  Nurses provide clients with information about the appropriate use of CAM.  Holistic nurses individualize every intervention on the basis of the client’s unique needs.

 Copyright 2002 by Delmar, a division of Thomson Learning  Nurses must establish a setting in which clients feel free to express all issues related to their health.  Holistic nurses must maintain technical expertise, interpersonal skills, and critical thinking abilities.