The Late Middle Ages ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How did the Church influence political and social changes in Medieval Europe? How did both innovations and disruptive.

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Presentation transcript:

The Late Middle Ages ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How did the Church influence political and social changes in Medieval Europe? How did both innovations and disruptive forces affect people during the Middle Ages?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (1C) identify major causes and describe major effects of the formation of Medieval Europe (4G) explain how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Great Schism contributed to the end of Medieval Europe Describe how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Great Schism affected people during the Late Middle Ages in Europe

The Black Death The Great Famine Changes in weather patterns = “little ice age” Food shortage and starvation Malnourished people more prone to infection Bubonic Plague (1347-1351) Most devastating natural disaster in European history 1/3 of Europe’s population died

The Black Death Cause of plague unknown at the time Carried by fleas on rats Rats hidden inside ships coming from East Anti-Semitism: hostility toward or discrimination against Jews Accused of causing plague by poisoning wells Economic consequences Decline in trade Shortage of workers Wages increased Less demand for food

The Popes at Avignon Decline in the Church’s power (1300s) Pope Boniface VIII vs. King Philip IV of France Bishop claimed king could not tax clergy Philip tried to have pope arrested Pope escaped but dies soon after Pope Clement V French Moved to Avignon Popes lived there from 1305-1377

The Great Schism (1378-1417) Pope Gregory XI moved to Rome Died soon after Cardinals elected (Italian) Supported by England and allies French cardinals declared election invalid Elected a French pope who moved to Avignon Supported by France and allies Attempt at resolution in 1409 resulted in THREE popes A new pope acceptable to all elected in 1417 People lost faith in the papacy

The Hundred Years’ War England vs. France Dispute over duchy of Gascony English used peasants as foot soldiers Defeated French knights in first battles Joan of Arc 17 yo French peasant Claimed saints commanded her to free France Helped French armies seize Orleans Captured and executed for witchcraft French win by 1453 Success partly due to invention of the cannon

Political Recovery France England Spain King Louis XI built strong state Imposed permanent tax (taille) England Henry VII created strong government Eliminated private armies Did not overtax Spain Isabella (Castile) and Ferdinand (Aragon) controlled a dual monarchy Strict Catholics Forced conversion of Jews and Muslims Expelled all Jews who did not convert

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (1C) identify major causes and describe major effects of the formation of Medieval Europe (4G) explain how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Great Schism contributed to the end of Medieval Europe Describe how the Crusades, the Black Death, the Hundred Years’ War, and the Great Schism affected people during the Late Middle Ages in Europe

The End