FERROUS & NON FERROUS ALLOY

FERROUS ALLOY

INTRODUCTION What is a ‘ferrous metal’ or ‘ferrous alloy’? It is simply a metal or alloy that contains Iron (the element ferrous) as the base (starting) metal.

PROPERTIES Ferrous metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, making them valuable in electrical appliances and for carrying an electric current over a distance with little energy lost. Metal alloys have high resistance to shear, torque and deformation. The thermal conductivity of metal is useful for containers to heat materials over a flame.

Applications of Iron alloys General engineering: – Aircraft construction – Electric conductors – Building construction use in high-rise building and bridge construction most vehicles many appliances signs and railroad tracks

Crystalline Structure of Ferrous (Iron)

PRODUCTION OF FERROUS (IRON) METALS / ALLOYS

Basic-Oxygen Furnace Fastest steelmaking process – can make 250 tons of steel / hour Melted pig iron and scrap are poured (charged) into a vessel. Fluxing agents are added, like limestone. The molten metal is blasted with pure oxygen. This produces iron oxide which then reacts with carbon to produce CO and CO2. The slag floats to the top of the metal. Higher steel quality than open hearth. Used to make plate, sheet, I-beam, tubing and channel.

Vacuum Furnace Uses induction furnaces. Air is removed from the furnace, this removes the gaseous impurities from the molten metal. Produces very high-quality steel.

Nonferrous metals and alloys Common- aluminum, copper, and magnesium

PROPERTIES High-strength high-temperature alloys include: tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum. Higher cost than ferrous metals but have good properties such as: Corrosion resistance High thermal and electrical conductivity Low density and ease of fabric

Crystalline Structure of Non Ferrous

APPLICATION OF NON FERROUS

Brass Aircraft sheets engines airframe structural parts rivets tubes 

Aluminium bronze Used for diecasting Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process. pump-rods