Predator Prey Relationships. SpecialistSpecialist –Relies on something specific –Out competes generalist GeneralistGeneralist –Doesn’t rely on anything.

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Presentation transcript:

Predator Prey Relationships

SpecialistSpecialist –Relies on something specific –Out competes generalist GeneralistGeneralist –Doesn’t rely on anything specific –Out adapts specialist Direct/specialist relationship

Food webs are sometimes simplified (conceptually) to the drama of a single predator-prey interaction but, these are the (proverbial) tip of the iceberg. Ecological community interactions are extremely complex…

Food web interactions can be: Direct and/or indirect. Acute and/or chronic. Spatially distinct and/or diffuse. Multigenerational and/or unique to a particular moment in time

How are communities regulated?

Keystone Species: Species that an entire ecosystem’s health depends on

Top-down regulation ( trophic cascade) : keystone species are predators Regulation of community structure…

Pisaster (starfish): Keystone Predator?

Robert Paine (1969)

Effects of removing a Keystone species

Wolves as a Keystone Predator Yellowstone wolves control elk populations in two important ways: 1)Elk population numbers are reduced 2)Modify elk behavior

The Ecology of Fear

Bottom-up regulation … Primary producers drive community structure? Regulation of community structure…

Bottom-up regulation… Primary producers drive community structure? Regulation of community structure…

Keystone Herbivory Regulation of community structure…

Madagascar Flying Fox: A Keystone Seed Disperser? Regulation of community structure…

Beaver- A keystone landscape engineer

Other Keystone Species

The End

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