7b. RNA and Protein synthesis

I. What is RNA? RNA  Ribonucleic Acid Different kinds of RNA mRNA – carries the instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome tRNA- brings amino acid to ribosome

II. RNA Structure Single Stranded Base Unit/ Subunit: Nucleotides Phosphate Sugar (Ribose) Nitrogen Base

Four Nitrogen bases in DNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine II. RNA Structure What is different from DNA? TUTU Four Nitrogen bases in RNA: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil

Base Pairing in DNA and RNA Nitrogen Base Pairs in DNA: Nitrogen Base Pairs in RNA: A – TC – G A – UC – G

III. Base Pairing Practice A-T-T-G-C-C-C-T ______________ A-A-C-A-A-G-T-C ______________ T-G-G-G-C-G-C-G ________________ T-A-T-T-C-C-C-G _____________ T-G-C-A-C-A-T-G ______________ T-T-G-T-C-T-G-G ______________

IV. Comparing DNA and RNA

DNA RNA BOTH

V. Protein Synthesis Synthesis- to make larger complex molecules out of simple ones Basic unit of proteins- Amino Acids Protein synthesis- Combining amino acids into proteins GLY PROGLU SER Amino AcidsProtein

V. Protein Synthesis Two Parts to synthesizing proteins 1. Transcription- Turns DNA into RNA 2. Translation- Turns RNA into Amino Acids/Proteins Codon- 3 letter (nitrogen base) code from RNA Amino Acid- building blocks for proteins *Each codon is a code for an amino acid*

VI. Transcription Transcribe- Transcription- Process 1.Helicase “unzips” DNA. 2.RNA Polymerase makes new copies of strands. 3.mRNA is allowed to leave the nucleus. HELICASE RNA Polymerase To write Turning DNA into RNA (Writing out instructions)

VII. Translation Translation- turns RNA into amino acids chains (proteins) 1.mRNA attaches to Ribosome 2.Ribosome translates every 3 nitrogen bases (codon) into amino acids, which are brought to ribosome by tRNA. 3.Ribosome binds (attaches) amino acids into a chain. 4.Chain of amino acids is released as a protein. SERGLU PRO GLY

Universal Codon Chart

IX. Comparing Transcription and Translation TranscriptionTranslation JobDNA  RNARNA  Proteins Where in the cell? NucleusRibosome (Cytoplasm)