Congressional Powers
Quick Review Expressed Powers Enumerated Powers Implied Power Necessary and Proper Clause
Expressly Denied Powers Can’t go against the Bill of Rights Cannot suspend the “writ of habeas corpus” An order releasing a person to court to determine if they were legally detained Cannot pass “Bills of Attainder” Laws that establish guilt without a trial Cannot pass “ex post facto laws” Laws that make acts illegal that were legal when committed
Legislative Powers Power to tax (Revenue Bills) “All bills for raising revenue shall start in the House.” Art 1, Section 7
Legislative Powers Power to spend money (Appropriations Bills) No other branch has this Congress is allowed to (and does) attach requirements on the money Example: No money for your state unless you set your highway speed limits at 55 mph
Legislative Powers Other money powers: Borrow Money Coin Money Punish Counterfeiters Pass laws concerning bankruptcy Commerce Powers Regulate foreign and Interstate commerce
Legislative Powers Foreign Policy Powers: Approve Treaties (Senate only) Declare War Create and maintain an Army and Navy Control the process of Naturalization Admit States and govern Territories Grant Copyrights and Patents
Non-Legislative Powers In an election if no candidate receives a majority of the votes... The House picks a president from the top three candidates The Senate picks a vice president from the top two candidates Has happened twice Thomas Jefferson over Aaron Burr (1800) John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson (1824)
Non-Legislative Powers Impeachment House votes to “impeach”. Which starts the process Senate holds the impeachment trial Andrew Johnson was impeached, but not convicted in 1868 Richard Nixon would have been impeached, but he resigned in 1974 Bill Clinton was impeached, but not convicted in 1999
Non-Legislative Powers Confirmation Powers Senate approves Presidential appointments Military Promotions Cabinet and Subcabinet Diplomats Federal Judges Supreme Court Propose Constitutional Amendments
Investigation The constitution does not mention Congress having a power to investigate The Supreme Court has upheld investigations as long as they are somehow related to a Congressional Power Congress has all the powers and restrictions of a regular court Subpoena Perjury Contempt Rights of the Accused do apply
Oversight In general, Congress passes laws and the Executive branch carries them out Using the Commerce and the Necessary and Proper clauses Congress can ‘oversee’ what the executive Branch is doing