Understanding Paradigmatic Changes in ELT Kyung Hee Univ. Global Campus Yongin, Korea

Paradigms of ELT Scientific Management Cognitivistic-Humanistic Approach Student-centered Approach Social Constructivist Approach

Three Aspects in ELT 1. What to teach - Curriculum (Empirical, Analytical, Scientific Emphasis) 2. How to teach - Approach, Method, Technique (Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Humanism- Technical/Practical Emphasis 3 Why to teach - Goals/Objectives (Critical/Ideological Emphasis)

Scientific Management Behaviorism Myth on ‘Standard’ Science & experiment: effect vs. efficiency Scope & sequence: drills & repetition Test Scores

Scientific Management Get knowledge & skills - get a job Teachers as masters, experts Produce workers: Fordism, Taylorism Fit into society Maintain the status quo

Cognitivistic- Humanistic Approach Humanism: Love children & work Reason & rationalism High knowledge & Culture White Classics: Novels, Poetry, Plays Pleasure of text: Deep meaning

Cognitivistic- Humanistic Approach Engage with good literature Teacher as role model, knower Be literate: civilized High class society Maintain the status quo

Learner-centered Approach Functionalism, constructivism Meet St’s needs & interests Value Individual difference & strength Relates to daily lives Cooperative/collaborative learning: Humans in relationships Form community of learners

Learner-centered Approach Utility: Pragmatic (practical) app. Open access :Equality Independence Meaningful & purposeful learning Teachers as facilitators or learners Can be successful in different ways

Social Constructivist Approach (Critical) social constructivism, postmodernism Language as vital tool for freedom (emancipation) Peer Collaboration Teachers as demonstrator/activists Texts relevant to learners

Social Constructivist Approach Empowerment of the learners Equal opportunity/equity Democratic citizenship Social justice: race, gender, class, & other disabilities Social change agents

Summing UP Principles of learning English for real use 1. Set up clear goals! 2. Utilize multiple texts! 3. Use language but do not study usage! 4. Integrate four skills! 5. English is only a tool not an end!