Chapter 6 The New Republic

Problems of the New National Government National Debt National Debt Respect Respect Trade Restricted Trade Restricted British Presence British Presence

George Washington President ( ) President ( )

Judiciary Act Supreme Court Supreme Court 13 District Courts 13 District Courts 3 Circuit Courts 3 Circuit Courts Attorney General Attorney General

Bill of Rights Added Fulfilled promise to Anti-Federalists Fulfilled promise to Anti-Federalists

Washington’s First Cabinet Sec. of State- Thomas Jefferson Sec. of State- Thomas Jefferson Attorney General – Edmund Randolph Attorney General – Edmund Randolph Secretary of War- Henry Knox Secretary of War- Henry Knox Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton

Yikes…New Government is Broke! War debt War debt Creditors want payment Creditors want payment Trade limited Trade limited

Hamilton’s Economic Plan Debt was asset??? Debt was asset??? Sell national bonds Sell national bonds Method to raise revenue Method to raise revenue Bank of the United States Bank of the United States

Hamilton Saw 3 Benefits Financial credibility Financial credibility Wealthy American support Wealthy American support Enrich investors Enrich investors

Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan Southern States… Southern States… Squabbling in the Cabinet Squabbling in the Cabinet Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison

Interpretation of the Constitution Federalists Federalists Loose construction Loose construction Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists Strict construction Strict construction

To Generate Revenue Excise Tax Excise Tax Protective Tariff Protective Tariff

The Whiskey Rebellion

Political Parties Formed Federalists… Hamilton and Adams Federalists… Hamilton and Adams Democratic-Republicans… Jefferson and Madison Democratic-Republicans… Jefferson and Madison

The Rise of Political Parties FederalistsAnti-FederalistsJeffersonians Democratic Republicans LeadersHamilton John Adams Jefferson James Madison Supporters Upper Class – Merchants, manufacturers bankers, large land owners Common People Farmers, city workers, small shopkeepers Location Strongest in New England South and West

More…Rise of Political Parties FederalistsAnti-FederalistsJeffersonians Democratic Republicans Relationship with Government Believed in gov’t for and by the rich and well-born; distrusted common people Believed in more democracy; gov’t should work in the interest of the common people Interpretation of the Constitution Loose … (implied powers) Wanted a strong central government Strict Favored states’ rights & weak gov’t Hamilton’s Program Favored Beneficial to economic interests Opposed Too much power to government ForeignAffairs Favored Great Britain– government dominated by upper class Favored France – followed our lead to revolt in 1789

Battle of Fallen Timbers British aid to Indians British aid to Indians Treaty of Greenville Treaty of Greenville

War in Europe…Again! GB and France GB and France Americans uncertain of position Americans uncertain of position

French Revolution 1789 Initial American support Initial American support European influence European influence on Federalists on Federalists On Anti-Federalists On Anti-Federalists US too weak to fight US too weak to fight

Washington’s Decision Declaration of Neutrality – 1793 Declaration of Neutrality – 1793 Trouble in the Cabinet Trouble in the Cabinet

War between France and GB Violated “Freedom of the Seas” Violated “Freedom of the Seas” Impressment Impressment GB still in American Northwest GB still in American Northwest

Jay’s Treaty (1794) Major provisions Major provisions Missing from the Treaty Missing from the Treaty Reaction to Jay’s Treaty Reaction to Jay’s Treaty

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) a.k.a…Treaty of San Lorenzo Navigation of Mississippi Navigation of Mississippi Right of Deposit Right of Deposit American triumph American triumph

Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty… Treaty of San Lorenzo

Americans Moved West Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty Pinckney’s Treaty Battle of Fallen Timbers Battle of Fallen Timbers

Washington’s Farewell Address 2 term precedent 2 term precedent NO political parties NO political parties NO entangling alliances NO entangling alliances Non-Involvement Non-Involvement

Election of 1796

John Adams ( )

The French are MAD! Proclamation of Neutrality Proclamation of Neutrality Jay Treaty Jay Treaty

XYZ Affair

Naturalization Act Increased immigrant waiting period from 5 to 14 years Increased immigrant waiting period from 5 to 14 years What party did this hurt??? What party did this hurt???

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act – immigrants Alien Act – immigrants Sedition Act – anyone challenging the govt Sedition Act – anyone challenging the govt

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison nullification nullification

Election of 1800

Federalist Party Died Out Summary of Federalist era Summary of Federalist era

Burr-Hamilton Duel

John Marshall Supreme Court

Marbury v Madison (1803) Judicial Review Judicial Review Brilliant decision Brilliant decision

Marbury v Madison

Thomas Jefferson ( ) Views on government Views on government Also… Also… Policies Policies

Louisiana Purchase (1803) James Monroe and Robert Livingston James Monroe and Robert Livingston Jefferson’s interpretation of Constitution Jefferson’s interpretation of Constitution Was it legal??? Was it legal???

Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark

War in Europe’s Effect on the US Trade Trade Impressments Impressments Chesapeake-Leopard Affair Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act Embargo … Embargo … didn’t hurt Europe much didn’t hurt Europe much Non-Intercourse Act… Non-Intercourse Act… bidding for our support bidding for our support

Election of 1808

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) Tecumseh Tecumseh Gov. William Henry Harrison Gov. William Henry Harrison

War Hawks John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun Henry Clay Henry Clay

Causes of the War of 1812 Interference with trade Interference with trade Impressment Impressment Support of Indian attacks Support of Indian attacks

War of 1812 Military events Military events British invasion British invasion Ft. McHenry Ft. McHenry Star Spangled Banner Star Spangled Banner

Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) Who won??? Who won??? Treaty Provisions Treaty Provisions

Battle of New Orleans (January 1815) Ooops! Ooops! Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson

Results of the War of 1812 Nationalism Nationalism Isolation Isolation Westward Expansion Westward Expansion

Hartford Convention (1814) Hartford Convention (1814) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Chapter 7 Nationalism and Sectionalism

Improved Transportation and Technology National Road National Road Steamboats Steamboats Canals Canals Railroads Railroads

Industrial Revolution Samuel Slater Samuel Slater Francis Cabot Lowell Francis Cabot Lowell

Lowell, Massachusetts

Inventions of the Early 1800s

Why did industrialization spread??? Why did industrialization spread??? Why did manufacturing begin in the North??? Why did manufacturing begin in the North???

Industry Reduced Skilled Jobs Workers organized Workers organized Middle class Middle class Emigration Emigration

King Cotton

Differences North v South Why was slavery defended in the South???

Era of Good Feelings James Monroe – 2 nd term James Monroe – 2 nd term American System American System

Marshall’s Other Famous Cases Marbury v Madison Marbury v Madison McCulloch v Maryland McCulloch v Maryland Gibbons v Ogden Gibbons v Ogden

Boom and Bust Cycle

Adams-Onis Treaty

Monroe Doctrine

Missouri Compromise… Result of Regional Differences

Election of 1824

Election of 1828

Jackson and Native American Relations Worcester v Georgia Worcester v Georgia Trail of Tears Trail of Tears

Nullification Crisis South Carolina and John C. Calhoun South Carolina and John C. Calhoun

The Whig Party Formed over Bank Controversy Formed over Bank Controversy Henry Clay and Daniel Webster Henry Clay and Daniel Webster Whigs v Jacksonian Democrats Whigs v Jacksonian Democrats

Election of 1832

Martin Van Buren (1836) Martin Van Buren (1836) William Henry Harrison (1840) William Henry Harrison (1840) John Tyler (1840…after Harrison’s death) John Tyler (1840…after Harrison’s death)